Chromophore transformations in red fluorescent proteins.
Chromophore transformations in red fluorescent proteins.
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DOI：
10.1021/cr2001965
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发表时间：
2012-07-11
期刊：
影响因子：
62.1
通讯作者：
Verkhusha, Vladislav V.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Subach, Fedor V.;Verkhusha, Vladislav V.
1.引言珊瑚虫同系物的绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）从水母维多利亚，它不仅发射绿色，但也黄色，橙子，红色荧光的发现，提供了一个强大的推动，由于在体内标记的颜色和生化特征从未遇到过的GFP变体。1，2 GFP和几种珊瑚虫荧光蛋白（FP）已经被开发成适合于蛋白质标记的单体，例如（i）永久荧光常规蓝色FP、黄色FP、橙子FP、红色FP（RFP），（ii）具有大斯托克斯位移荧光发射的永久荧光GFP和RFP（LSS-FP），（iii）不可逆光活化/光可转换GFP和RFP，3，4和（iv）荧光计时器（FT）。5，6在各种荧光探针中，对于深层组织和全身成像最有价值的是红移FP，因为其降低了自发荧光、低光散射和在较长成像波长下的最小吸收。GFP样发色团的形成机制及其转化的研究和描述非常好，但只有少数评论的RFPs是可用的。2，7已经提出了自催化和光诱导形成红色发色团的几种机制。[7]由于红色发色团变换的复杂性，没有提出通用的积分方案。尽管有大量可用的数据，但关于红色发色团的形成存在长期的矛盾。从DsRed FP的发现来看，通常认为DsRed样发色团的形成是通过绿色GFP样中间体形式发生的，8并且只有几个最近的出版物揭示了DsRed样发色团的形成是通过TagBFP样蓝色中间体形式发生的，而不是通过GFP样中间体形式。目前有超过140种晶体结构可用于不同类别的FP，其中一些是针对同一FP的不同状态或含有不同突变。结构数据以及FP光谱和光化学性质的概述说明了FP的结构和功能之间的关系。
1. INTRODUCTION The discovery of Anthozoa homologues of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) from jellyfish Aequorea victoria, which emit not only green but also yellow, orange, and red fluorescence, provided a powerful boost for in vivo labeling due to the colors and biochemical features never before encountered in GFP variants. 1, 2 GFP and several Anthozoa fluorescent proteins (FPs) have been developed into monomers suitable for protein tagging, such as (i) permanently fluorescent conventional blue FP, yellow FPs, orange FPs, red FPs (RFPs),(ii) permanently fluorescent GFPs and RFPs with a large Stokes shift fluorescence emission (LSS-FPs),(iii) irreversibly photoactivatable/photoswitchable GFPs and RFPs, 3, 4 and (iv) fluorescent timers (FTs). 5, 6 Among various fluorescent probes, the most valuable for deep-tissue and whole-body imaging are the red-shifted FPs because of reduced autofluorescence, low light-scattering, and minimal absorbance at longer imaging wavelengths. The mechanisms of formation of the GFP-like chromophore and its transformations were studied and described very well, however only a few reviews of those for RFPs are available. 2, 7 Several mechanisms of the autocatalytic and photoinduced formation of the red chromophores have been proposed. 7 Because of the complexity of the red chromophore transformations, no general integrating scheme has been suggested. Despite the numerous data available, there are long lasting contradictions about the formation of the red chromophore. From the discovery of a DsRed FP, the formation of a DsRedlike chromophore was commonly suggested to occur through a green GFP-like intermediate form, 8 and only several recent publications uncovered that the formation of the DsRed-like chromophore occurs via a TagBFP-like blue intermediate form, not via the GFP-like one.More than 140 crystal structures are currently available for FPs of different classes, and some of them are for the same FP in a different state or containing different mutations. An overview of the structural data together with FP spectral and photochemical properties illustrate the relationship between the FPs’ structure and function.
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影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Agmon, N
通讯作者：
Agmon, N
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.97.22.11984
发表时间：
2000-10-24
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Baird, GS;Zacharias, DA;Tsien, RY
通讯作者：
Tsien, RY
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1013910107
发表时间：
2010-11-23
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Chica, Roberto A.;Moore, Matthew M.;Mayo, Stephen L.
通讯作者：
Mayo, Stephen L.
影响因子：
46.9
作者：
Chudakov, DM;Belousov, VV;Lukyanov, KA
通讯作者：
Lukyanov, KA
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Ando, Ryoko;Flors, Cristina;Miyawaki, Atsushi
通讯作者：
Miyawaki, Atsushi