Children who avoid drinking cow milk have low dietary calcium intakes and poor bone health
Children who avoid drinking cow milk have low dietary calcium intakes and poor bone health
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DOI：
10.1093/ajcn/76.3.675
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发表时间：
2002-09-01
影响因子：
7.1
通讯作者：
Goulding, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Black, RE;Williams, SM;Goulding, A
背景资料：信息有关的儿童谁习惯避免喝牛奶的骨矿化的充分性是sparsely.Objective：目的是评估膳食钙摄入量，人体测量措施，和骨健康的青春期前儿童的历史，长期牛奶avoidation.Design：我们招募了50牛奶avoiders（30名女孩，20名男孩）年龄3-10岁的广告。我们测量了目前的膳食钙摄入量的食物频率问卷和身体成分和骨密度与双能X射线吸收仪，并与200牛奶饮用对照children.Results：牛奶回避的原因是不耐受（40%），坏口味（42%），和生活方式的选择（18%）的结果进行比较。膳食钙摄入量低（443 - 230毫克钙/天），很少有儿童食用替代富含钙的饮料或矿物质补充剂。虽然有9名儿童（18%）肥胖，但不喝牛奶的儿童身材较矮（P < 0.01），骨骼较小（P < 0.01），有较低的全身骨矿含量（P < 0.01），且z评分较低股骨颈、股骨粗隆、腰椎、桡骨远端、比同社区同年龄、同性别的对照组儿童的桡骨长33%。腰椎的体积（尺寸调整后）骨密度（g/cm（3））z评分为-0.72 +/- 1.17，33%桡骨为-0.72 +/- 1.35（P < 0.001）。12名儿童（24%）以前骨折。结论：在成长中的儿童，长期避免牛奶与身材矮小和骨骼健康不良。这是一个值得进一步研究的重大问题。
Background: Information concerning the adequacy of bone mineralization in children who customarily avoid drinking cow milk is sparse.Objective: The objective was to evaluate dietary calcium intakes, anthropometric measures, and bone health in prepubertal children with a history of long-term milk avoidance.Design: We recruited 50 milk avoiders (30 girls, 20 boys) aged 3-10 y by advertisement. We measured current dietary calcium intakes with a food-frequency questionnaire and body composition and bone mineral density with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and compared the results with those of 200 milk-drinking control children.Results: The reasons for milk avoidance were intolerance (40%), bad taste (42%), and lifestyle choice (18%). Dietary calcium intakes were low (443 230 mg Ca/d), and few children consumed substitute calcium-rich drinks or mineral supplements. Although 9 children (18%) were obese, the milk avoiders were shorter (P < 0.01), had smaller skeletons (P < 0.01), had a lower total-body bone mineral content (P < 0.01), and had lower z scores (P < 0.05) for areal bone mineral density at the femoral neck, hip trochanter, lumbar spine, ultradistal radius, and 33% radius than did control children of the same age and sex from the same community. The z scores for volumetric (size-adjusted) bone mineral density (g/cm(3)) were -0.72 +/- 1.17 for the lumbar spine and -0.72 +/- 1.35 for the 33% radius (P < 0.001). Twelve children (24%) had previously broken bones.Conclusions: In growing children, long-term avoidance of cow milk is associated with small stature and poor bone health. This is a major concern that warrants further study.