Categorical perception of speech by children with specific language impairments
Categorical perception of speech by children with specific language impairments
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DOI：
10.1044/1092-4388(2005/065
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发表时间：
2005-08-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Evans, JL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Coady, JA;Kluender, KR;Evans, JL
先前的研究表明，患有特定语言障碍（SLI）的儿童在基本言语感知能力方面存在缺陷，这可能是他们语言缺陷的潜在根源。这些发现来自于一些研究，在这些研究中，对无意义音节的合成版本的感知通常是在记忆需求较高的任务中进行检查的。在这项研究中，20 名 SLI 儿童（平均年龄 = 9 岁零 3 个月）和 20 名年龄匹配的同龄人参与了分类感知任务。孩子们在旨在最小化记忆需求的任务中识别和区分自然说出的真实单词的数字编辑版本。两组都表现出分类感知的所有特征：敏锐的标签功能、不连续的辨别表现以及通过识别预测的辨别。识别数据没有组间差异，但 SLI 儿童表现出较低的峰值辨别值。患有 SLI 的儿童对语音对比对的辨别能力仍然明显优于随机对，对相同标签对的辨别能力也是偶然的。这些数据表明，患有 SLI 的儿童在记忆负荷最小化的条件下听单词时，对自然语音标记的感知与年龄匹配的对照组相当。此外，语音感知任务表现不佳可能不是由于语音感知缺陷，而是由于任务需求的结果。
Previous research has suggested that children with specific language impairments (SLI) ahve deficits in basic speech perception abilities, and this may be an underlying source of their linguistic derficits. These findings have come from studies in which perception of synthetic versions of meaningless syllables was typically examined in tasks with high memory demands. In this study, 20 children with SLI (mean age = 9 years, 3 months) and 20 age-matched peers participated in a categorical perception task. Children identified and discriminated digitally edited versions of naturally spoken real words in tasks designed to minimize memory requirements. Both groups exhibited all hallmarks of categorical perception: a sharp labeling function, discontinuous discrimination performance, and discrimination predicted from identification. There were no group differences for identification data, but children with SLI showed lower peak discrimination values. Children with SLI still discriminated phonemically contrastive pairs at levels significantly better than chance, with discrimination of same-label pairs at chance. These data suggest that children with SLI perceive natural speech tokens comparably to age-matched controls when listening to words under conditions that minimize memory load. Further, poor performance on speech perception tasks may not be due to a speech perception deficit, but rather to a consequence of task demands.