Sex Bias in the Outcome of Human Tropical Infectious Diseases: Influence of Steroid Hormones
Sex Bias in the Outcome of Human Tropical Infectious Diseases: Influence of Steroid Hormones
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DOI：
10.1093/infdis/jit610
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发表时间：
2014-07-15
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Lotter, Hanna
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bernin, Hannah;Lotter, Hanna
许多调查显示，在各种传染病，特别是寄生虫病的易感性和严重性方面，男性受到偏爱。虽然不同的外部因素可能会影响男性和女性接触感染源的情况，但一个表明激素影响的反复出现的现象是，在衰老过程中，疾病发生率和激素活性同时增加。支持激素对疾病影响的实质性证据需要严格控制的人群研究，以及在受控实验室条件下观察到的同性二型性。迄今为止，只有极少数研究符合这些标准。在此，我们介绍热带传染病，包括阿米巴病，疟疾，利什曼病，弓形虫病，血吸虫病，副球孢子菌病，其中激素被怀疑在疾病过程中发挥作用。我们总结了人类流行病学研究和动物模型中激素替代研究的最新发现，以及有关激素对疾病病理学基础免疫反应影响的数据。
Numerous investigations have revealed a bias toward males in the susceptibility to and severity of a variety of infectious diseases, especially parasitic diseases. Although different external factors may influence the exposure to infection sources among males and females, one recurrent phenomenon indicative of a hormonal influence is the simultaneous increase in disease occurrence and hormonal activity during the aging process. Substantial evidence to support the influence of hormones on disease requires rigorously controlled human population studies, as well as the same sex dimorphism being observed under controlled laboratory conditions. To date, only very few studies conducted have fulfilled these criteria. Herein, we introduce tropical infectious diseases, including amebiasis, malaria, leishmaniasis, toxoplasmosis, schistosomiasis, and paracoccidioidomycosis, in which hormones are suspected to play a role in disease processes. We summarize the most recent findings from epidemiologic studies in humans and from hormone replacement studies in animal models, as well as data regarding the influence of hormones on immune responses underlying the pathology of the diseases.