Palenque (Colombia): Multilingualism in an Extraordinary Social and Historical Context1
Palenque (Colombia): Multilingualism in an Extraordinary Social and Historical Context1
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帕伦克（哥伦比亚）：特殊社会和历史背景下的多种语言1
DOI：
10.1002/9781444393446.ch21
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Schwegler
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Schwegler
本研究概述了帕伦克（哥伦比亚）的语言状况，这是一个约有 4000-5000 名居民的黑人社区，其祖先在 17 世纪中叶逃离了奴隶制。本文的主要目的之一是描述帕伦克三种方言的主要特征，即 (i) 西班牙语，(ii) 帕伦克罗克里奥尔语，以及 (iii) 与葬礼仪式 lumbalú 密切相关的非洲化祖先仪式法典，并将它们置于其社会和历史背景中。帕伦克坐落在卡塔赫纳热带腹地（图 21.1），在拉丁美洲社会中占有非凡的地位。和语言历史有几个原因。首先，帕伦克罗斯人是拉丁美洲表型最黑的群体（美洲印第安人和白人的混合在历史上并不重要）。其次，这是整个南美大陆唯一一个以西班牙语克里奥尔语-Palenquero（当地称为 Lengua“舌头”）为特色的社区。第三，部分由于直到 20 世纪 80 年代为止，帕伦克罗斯一直与哥伦比亚社会的其他部分长期隔离，因此帕伦克罗斯成功地保持了一套深深扎根于非洲的独特文化传统（Schwegler 1992, 2006a, 2007b）。 2
This study provides an overview of the language situation of Palenque (Colombia), a Black community of about 4000–5000 inhabitants whose ancestors escaped slavery in the mid-seventeenth century. One of the principal aims of this contribution is to describe the main characteristics of Palenque’s three vernaculars–that is (i) Spanish,(ii) Palenquero creole, and (iii) an Africanizing ancestral ritual code intimately associated with the funeral rite lumbalú–and to place them in their social and historical contexts.Nestled in the tropical hinterland of Cartagena de Indias (Figure 21.1), Palenque commands an extraordinary position within Latin American social and linguistic history for several reasons. First, Palenqueros are Latin America’s phenotypically blackest group (admixture from Amerindians and Whites has historically been insignificant). Second, this is the only community in the entire South American mainland to feature a Spanish-based creole–Palenquero (locally known as Lengua ‘tongue’). And third, due in part to their prolonged isolation from the rest of Colombian society until the 1980s, Palenqueros have managed to maintain a set of unique cultural traditions with deep African roots (Schwegler 1992, 2006a, 2007b). 2