Politics, Oil, and the Environment: The Reterritorization of a Resource Periphery
Politics, Oil, and the Environment: The Reterritorization of a Resource Periphery
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政治、石油和环境：资源边缘地区的重新疆域化
DOI：
10.1177/194277860800100201
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Jeremy Tasch
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Auton;Jeremy Tasch
随着俄罗斯远东地区（RFE）进入21世纪，它受到复杂的交叉动态的困扰，从人口问题（面积是美国的三分之二，远东地区人口减少，仅为650万），与位于莫斯科的俄罗斯联邦中心的从属关系，新自由主义经济全球化（本文以俄罗斯太平洋地区的国际企业资源开采为标志），对环境退化的分歧和土著人民不确定的领土地位。滨海边疆区和哈巴罗夫斯克边疆区以及库页州的RFE居民经常抱怨，以莫斯科为中心的政府忽视了他们的工作，政府打算把新发现的财富集中在人口更稠密的俄罗斯欧洲地区，看到他们自己--尤其是在库页岛--作为剥削政策的受害者，这些政策旨在开采该地区丰富的自然资源，而没有对该地区的经济给予足够的补偿或适当的关注环境保护。1俄罗斯联邦政府-尽管对世界上最大的综合石油和天然气项目感到担忧（壳牌石油公司及其萨哈林二期项目）表面上出于环境考虑--从20世纪90年代中期开始与西方和日本能源财团合作，将萨哈林维持为一个虚拟的能源殖民地，同时被莫斯科的野心和工业资本主义的全球影响力所主导（Fujimaki 2007; Grib and Rebrov 2006）。随着该岛的自然资源随后在普京的领导下重新国有化，市场力量和国家资本主义使当地人对萨哈林岛和整个俄罗斯太平洋地区的领土和文化主张长期受到忽视。
As the Russian Far East (RFE) enters the 21 Century it is beset by complex cross-cutting dynamics ranging from demographic issues (at two-thirds the size of the U.S., the RFE has a declining population of only six and one-half million), to its subordinate relationship with the Russian federal center in Moscow, to neoliberal economic globalization (signified in this paper by international corporate resource extraction in Pacific Russia), to disagreements over environmental degradation and the uncertain territorial status of indigenous peoples. The RFE residents of Primorsky and Khabarovsky Krais, and the Sakhalin Oblast, frequently complain of neglect at the hands of a Moscow-centered government intent on focusing its new-found riches in the more populated European Russia, and see themselves – particularly on Sakhalin – as the victims of exploitive policies intended to extract the region’s rich natural resources without adequate compensation to the regional economy or appropriate attention to environmental protection. 1 The Russian federal government – despite concerns regarding the world’s largest integrated oil and gas project (Shell Oil and its Sakhalin II project) ostensibly occasioned by environmental considerations – collaborated with western and Japanese energy consortia beginning in the mid-1990s to maintain Sakhalin as a virtual energy colony, dominated simultaneously by Moscow’s ambitions and industrial capitalism’s global reach (Fujimaki 2007; Grib and Rebrov 2006). As the island’s natural resources subsequently underwent a re-nationalization under Putin, market forces and state capitalism perpetuated neglect of native people’s territorial and cultural claims on Sakhalin and throughout Pacific Russia.