Swim-Training Changes the Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Skeletogenesis in Zebrafish Larvae (Danio rerio)
Swim-Training Changes the Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Skeletogenesis in Zebrafish Larvae (Danio rerio)
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0034072
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发表时间：
2012-04-18
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Kranenbarg, Sander
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fiaz, Ansa W.;Leon-Kloosterziel, Karen M.;Kranenbarg, Sander
鱼类幼虫在发育过程中经历了许多环境挑战，如水流速度的变化、食物的可用性和捕食。与进食、呼吸和游泳有关的结构的快速发展增加了生存的机会。据推测，由肌肉力引起的机械载荷在这些结构的优先发展中起着重要作用。肌肉力的机械负荷已被证明会影响脊椎动物的幼虫和胚胎骨骼发育，但这些研究仅限于附肢骨骼。为了探索机械负荷在颅骨、轴骨和尾骨软骨形成和成骨过程中的作用，我们对斑马鱼幼鱼进行了游泳训练，从受精后5天到14天，这增加了身体锻炼水平，可能也增加了机械负荷。在这里，我们表明游泳活动的增加加速了斑马鱼幼虫发育过程中的生长、软骨形成和成骨。有趣的是，游泳训练加速了软骨内骨化和膜内骨化。此外，游泳训练优先于头部和尾部区域软骨和骨骼结构的形成，以及肛门和背鳍元素的形成。这表明，游泳活动的增加优先发展了在游泳中起重要作用的结构，从而增加了在水流速度增加的环境中生存的机会。我们的研究首次表明，在斑马鱼幼体发育的早期，由于水流速度的增加，颅骨、轴骨和尾骨的骨骼组织能够对游泳训练做出反应。这表明水流条件的变化会导致骨骼形成的显著时空变化。
Fish larvae experience many environmental challenges during development such as variation in water velocity, food availability and predation. The rapid development of structures involved in feeding, respiration and swimming increases the chance of survival. It has been hypothesized that mechanical loading induced by muscle forces plays a role in prioritizing the development of these structures. Mechanical loading by muscle forces has been shown to affect larval and embryonic bone development in vertebrates, but these investigations were limited to the appendicular skeleton. To explore the role of mechanical load during chondrogenesis and osteogenesis of the cranial, axial and appendicular skeleton, we subjected zebrafish larvae to swim-training, which increases physical exercise levels and presumably also mechanical loads, from 5 until 14 days post fertilization. Here we show that an increased swimming activity accelerated growth, chondrogenesis and osteogenesis during larval development in zebrafish. Interestingly, swim-training accelerated both perichondral and intramembranous ossification. Furthermore, swim-training prioritized the formation of cartilage and bone structures in the head and tail region as well as the formation of elements in the anal and dorsal fins. This suggests that an increased swimming activity prioritized the development of structures which play an important role in swimming and thereby increasing the chance of survival in an environment where water velocity increases. Our study is the first to show that already during early zebrafish larval development, skeletal tissue in the cranial, axial and appendicular skeleton is competent to respond to swim-training due to increased water velocities. It demonstrates that changes in water flow conditions can result into significant spatio-temporal changes in skeletogenesis.