Plant–plant interactions can mitigate (or exacerbate) hot drought impacts
Plant–plant interactions can mitigate (or exacerbate) hot drought impacts
复制标题
植物与植物之间的相互作用可以减轻（或加剧）炎热干旱的影响
DOI：
10.1111/nph.19473
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发表时间：
2024
期刊：
影响因子：
9.4
通讯作者：
Wright, Alexandra J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Wright, Alexandra J.
未来 50 年，气候变化将使全球地表温度至少再升高 1.5℃（IPCC，2021）。气温上升已经加速了水循环并改变了全球降水状况，一些地方降水量减少，而另一些地方降水量增加（IPCC，2021）。全球气温升高也增加了大气的干燥能力，以蒸气压赤字来衡量（VPD；Yuan 等人，2019）。 VPD 升高会增加土壤和植物的水分流失速度，从而加剧降水减少带来的负面影响。随着 VPD 升高，更炎热的干旱可能会使生产力损失加倍（仅与降水减少相比；Dannenberg 等人，2022 年），并增加火灾的风险和波动性（Abatzoglou 和 Williams，2016 年）。鉴于在 VPD 较高的更热干旱期间已经出现的损害，我们有必要确定单个物种和生态系统将如何应对未来更热的干旱。在本期《新植物学家》杂志上发表的一篇文章中，Mas 等人（2024；1021-1034）加深了我们对物种相互作用如何减轻未来热干旱影响的理解。马斯等人。证明了如何通过毛栎的种间邻居减轻炎热干旱的影响，但通过水青冈的种间邻居加剧炎热干旱的影响。这项工作建立在 30 年的生物多样性研究的基础上，表明多样性较高的生态系统可能能够更好地承受环境变化。这项工作还提供了一个探索栖息地特定机制的机会，这些机制可以推动不同类型的生态系统如何应对未来的干旱。“……小气候测量、对组成物种的反馈以及将小气候促进纳入过程模型（或地球系统模型）中，在干旱研究中仍在研究中。”
Climate change will increase global surface temperatures by at least another 1.5 C in the next 50 years (IPCC, 2021). This increase in temperature is already accelerating the water cycle and shifting precipitation regimes globally, with some places receiving less precipitation while others are receiving more (IPCC, 2021). Increased global temperatures are also increasing the drying capacity of the atmosphere, measured as vapor pressure deficit (VPD; Yuan et al., 2019). Elevated VPD increases the rate of water loss from soils and plants, thus exacerbating the already negative effects of reduced precipitation. Hotter droughts with elevated VPD can double productivity losses (over just precipitation reductions; Dannenberg et al., 2022) and increase the risk and volatility of fires (Abatzoglou & Williams, 2016). Given the damages already seen during hotter droughts with higher VPD, it is essential that we identify how individual species and ecosystems will respond to hotter droughts in the future. In an article published in this issue of New Phytologist, Mas et al.(2024; 1021–1034) deepen our understanding of how species interactions might mitigate future hot drought effects. Mas et al. demonstrate how hot drought effects can be mitigated by interspecific neighbors for Quercus pubescens but exacerbated by interspecific neighbors for Fagus sylvatica. This work builds upon 30 years of biodiversity research demonstrating that higher diversity ecosystems may be better able to tolerate environmental change. This work also offers an opportunity to explore habitat-specific mechanisms that could drive how different types of ecosystems will respond to drought in the future.‘… microclimate measurements, feedbacks on constituent species, and inclusion of microclimate facilitation in process models (or Earth Systems Models), is still understudied in drought research.’