Rapid depth perception in hunting archerfish. II. An analysis of potential cues
Rapid depth perception in hunting archerfish. II. An analysis of potential cues
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DOI：
10.1242/jeb.177352
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发表时间：
2018-07-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Schuster, Stefan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Reinel, Caroline P.;Schuster, Stefan
根据落入猎物的初始运动，狩猎箭鱼选择C型启动，使它们向右转向猎物将要降落的地方，并提供与猎物同时到达的速度。我们的同伴研究表明，在不到100毫秒的时间内采样的信息还包括落入猎物的初始高度。在这里，我们研究鱼可能使用的线索来快速测量高度。首先，我们表明，双目线索是不需要的：C-开始，无论是可以或不可以使用双目信息同样快速和精确。接下来，我们探讨了鱼是否使用了关于猎物绝对大小或其与结构化背景的距离的简化假设。然而，与标准条件相比发生意外变化的实验未能引起任何错误。然后，我们测试的假设，鱼可能会推断深度的住宿或相关的线索模糊的图像，他们的猎物。然而，这条鱼也正确地确定了“假苍蝇”的高度，尽管它们的图像永远无法聚焦，而且它们的综合尺寸和模糊程度应该会误导鱼。我们的发现与射水鱼使用灵活的线索组合的观点不一致。他们也不支持这样的观点，即高度是相对于开始捕食附近的结构来测量的。我们认为，这些鱼使用一个复杂的分析隐现迅速测量初始高度。
Based on the initial movement of falling prey, hunting archerfish select a C-start that turns them right to where their prey is going to land and lends the speed to arrive simultaneously with prey. Our companion study suggested that the information sampled in less than 100 ms also includes the initial height of falling prey. Here, we examine which cues the fish might be using to gauge height so quickly. First, we show that binocular cues are not required: C-starts that either could or could not have used binocular information were equally fast and precise. Next, we explored whether the fish were using simplifying assumptions about the absolute size of their prey or its distance from a structured background. However, experiments with unexpected changes from the standard conditions failed to cause any errors. We then tested the hypothesis that the fish might infer depth from accommodation or from cues related to blurring in the image of their falling prey. However, the fish also determined the height of 'fake flies' correctly, even though their image could never be focused and their combined size and degree of blurring should have misled the fish. Our findings are not compatible with the view that archerfish use a flexible combination of cues. They also do not support the view that height is gauged relative to structures in the vicinity of starting prey. We suggest that these fish use an elaborate analysis of looming to rapidly gauge initial height.