From cognitive to neural models of working memory
From cognitive to neural models of working memory
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2007.2086
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发表时间：
2007-05-29
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
D'Esposito, Mark
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D'Esposito, Mark
工作记忆是指对刚刚经历过或刚刚从长时记忆中提取出来的信息的暂时保留，这些信息在外部环境中已不复存在。这些内部表征是短暂的，但可以通过主动维护或排练策略存储更长的时间，并且可以进行各种操作，以使其对目标导向行为有用的方式操纵信息。使用神经科学技术对工作记忆进行的实证研究，例如猴子的神经元记录或人类的功能性神经成像，已经推进了我们对工作记忆潜在神经机制的认识。这个丰富的数据集可以与来自调查工作记忆的认知机制的行为发现相协调。在本文中，我回顾了已经取得的进展，这方面的努力，说明如何调查的神经机制工作记忆的认知模型的影响，反过来，如何认知模型可以塑造和修改的神经科学数据。从这项研究中得出的一个结论是，工作记忆既不能被视为一个单一的系统，也不能被视为一个专用的系统。包括前额叶皮层（PFC）在内的大脑区域网络对于积极维持目标导向行为所必需的内部表征至关重要。因此，工作记忆并不局限于单一的大脑区域，而可能是前额叶皮层和大脑其他部分之间功能性相互作用的一种新特性。
Working memory refers to the temporary retention of information that was just experienced or just retrieved from long-term memory but no longer exists in the external environment. These internal representations are short-lived, but can be stored for longer periods of time through active maintenance or rehearsal strategies, and can be subjected to various operations that manipulate the information in such a way that makes it useful for goal-directed behaviour. Empirical studies of working memory using neuroscientific techniques, such as neuronal recordings in monkeys or functional neuroimaging in humans, have advanced our knowledge of the underlying neural mechanisms of working memory. This rich dataset can be reconciled with behavioural findings derived from investigating the cognitive mechanisms underlying working memory. In this paper, I review the progress that has been made towards this effort by illustrating how investigations of the neural mechanisms underlying working memory can be influenced by cognitive models and, in turn, how cognitive models can be shaped and modified by neuroscientific data. One conclusion that arises from this research is that working memory can be viewed as neither a unitary nor a dedicated system. A network of brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex (PFC), is critical for the active maintenance of internal representations that are necessary for goal-directed behaviour. Thus, working memory is not localized to a single brain region but probably is an emergent property of the functional interactions between the PFC and the rest of the brain.