Stress, strain, and mechanotransduction in cells
Stress, strain, and mechanotransduction in cells
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DOI：
10.1115/1.1406131
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发表时间：
2001-12-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Humphrey, JD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Humphrey, JD
人们普遍认为，许多细胞类型对机械刺激有反应，但对于特定细胞是否直接对应力、应变、应变率、应变能或其他力学量有反应，尚无普遍共识。通过回顾应力和应变的数学（而非物理）概念的定义，本文建议细胞不能直接响应这些连续度量或由此衍生的量-机制模型将需要基于更基本的量，例如，原子间力或适当分子的构象变化。尽管如此，应力和应变的概念应该继续在力学生物学中发挥重要作用，无论是在经验相关性的识别还是在现象学本构模型的发展中，每一个都可以有助于我们的基本理解，并有助于设计未来的实验和一些临床干预措施。因此，重要的是要记住，连续介质力学中的经验关联和大多数本构关系并不寻求对实际物理进行建模——相反，它们的效用在于它们的预测能力，这通常是通过不同条件下同一材料的不同度量的不同关系来实现的。因此，关于量化细胞对机械刺激的反应，我们必须在基本机制的识别和现象学相关性的表述之间进行描述，后者只需要方便的度量，而不需要是唯一的或物理的。
It is widely accepted that numerous cell types respond to mechanical stimuli, yet there is no general agreement as to whether particular cells respond directly to stress, strain, strain-rate, strain-energy, or other mechanical quantities. By recalling the definitions of the mathematical (not physical) concepts of stress and strain, it is suggested herein that cells cannot respond directly to these continuum metrics or to quantities derived from them — mechanistic models will need to be based on more fundamental quantities, as, for example, inter-atomic forces or conformational changes of the appropriate molecules. Nonetheless, the concepts of stress and strain should continue to play an important role in mechanobiology, both in the identification of empirical correlations and in the development of phenomenological constitutive models, each of which can contribute to our basic understanding as well as help in the design of future experiments and some clinical interventions. It is important to remember, therefore, that empirical correlations and most constitutive relations in continuum mechanics do not seek to model the actual physics — rather, their utility is in their predictive capability, which is often achieved via different relations in terms of different metrics for the same material under different conditions. Hence, with regard to quantifying cellular responses to mechanical stimuli, we must delineate between the identification of fundamental mechanisms and the formulation of phenomenological correlations, the latter of which only requires convenient metrics that need not be unique or physical.