A Case Study of a Community Affected by the Witch and Guejito Wildland Fires
A Case Study of a Community Affected by the Witch and Guejito Wildland Fires
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受女巫和盖吉托荒地火灾影响的社区案例研究
DOI：
10.1007/s10694-010-0164-y
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
W. Mell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Maranghides;W. Mell
当火通过荒地和社区（结构和植被）燃料蔓延时，发生荒地-城市界面（WUI）火灾。这些火灾能够对建筑和自然环境造成重大破坏。当这些火灾发生在极端火灾危险条件下时（例如，大风，低湿度）和人口众多的地区（例如，圣地亚哥，加州）的消防员和其他紧急响应人员，受到消防和帮助公众的组合的重大挑战。本文介绍了一个社区的274个住宅受到两个荒地火灾（在2.5小时内对方）在2007年10月的火灾风暴在南部加州的深入案例研究的结果。从居民和应急响应人员那里获得信息，以确定火灾蔓延的时间轴、结构点火机制和防御行动，花费了大量的精力。在274所住宅中，245所在火灾范围内，74所被毁，16所受损。当第一个火阵面到达时，建筑物着火的速度达到每小时21次的峰值。三分之二的被毁房屋是直接和间接纵火造成的。每三个家庭中就有一个采取了防御行动。在16所受损房屋中，15所得到了成功的保护。目前正在对这一群体进行进一步研究，以调查目前建议的火灾前减少危险行动可能已经实施，以及它们在减少结构着火可能性方面的有效性。
Wildland-urban interface (WUI) fires occur when fire spreads through both wildland and community (structures and vegetation) fuels. These fires are capable of causing significant destruction to both the built and the natural environments. When these fires occur under extreme fire danger conditions (e.g., high winds, low humidity) and in areas of significant population (e.g., San Diego, California) firefighters, and other emergency responders, are significantly challenged by the combination of firefighting and aiding the public. This paper presents the results of an in-depth case study of a community of 274 residences which was subjected to two wildland fires (within 2.5 h of each other) during the October 2007 firestorm in southern California. A significant amount of effort was spent obtaining information from residents and emergency responders to determine the fire spread timeline, structure ignition mechanisms, and defensive actions. Of the 274 residences, 245 were within the fire perimeter, 74 were destroyed, and 16 were damaged. When the first fire front arrived, the rate of structure ignitions peaked at 21 per hour. Direct and indirect ember, or firebrand, attack was responsible for the ignition of 2/3 of the destroyed homes. Defensive actions were taken on one of every three homes. Of the 16 damaged homes, 15 were successfully defended. Further study of this community is ongoing to investigate what currently recommended pre-fire hazard reduction actions could be, and were, implemented and their effectiveness at reducing the likelihood of structure ignition.