Causal Characteristics for Ecoepidemiology
Causal Characteristics for Ecoepidemiology
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DOI：
10.1080/10807030903459320
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Norton, Susan B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cormier, Susan M.;Suter, Glenn W., II;Norton, Susan B.
我们认为，因果关系有六个基本特征：时间顺序、共现性、前因性、充分性、互动性和变化性。原因先于结果（时间顺序）。原因与未受影响的实体在空间和时间上共现（共现）。原因及其结果是因果关系网（前因）的结果。原因的强度、频率和持续时间是足够的，并且可解释的实体可以展示效果的类型和大小（充分性）。原因以一种引发结果的方式与实体有效地相互作用（相互作用）。而且，实体通过与原因的相互作用而改变（改变）。与Hill的标准相反，因果特征不同于（1）用于记录因果特征的证据，（2）用于开发证据的信息来源，以及（3）用于评估因果特征证据和因果关系证据的质量。因果特征的证据可以构成流行病学研究评估的基础，并可以构成因果相关和实质性的解释性叙述。六个核心特征可能更容易组织，评估。沟通，并为决策者吸收，记住，并激发行动。
We suggest that there are six fundamental characteristics of causation: time order, co-occurence, preceding causation, sufficiency, interaction and alteration. The cause precedes the effect (time order). The cause co-occurs with the unaffected entity in space and time (co-occurrence). Causes and their effects are the result of a web of causation (preceding causation). The intensity, frequency, and duration of the cause are adequate and the susceptable entity can exhibit the type and magnitude of the effect (sufficiency). The cause effectively interacts with the entity in a way that induces the effect (interaction). And, the entity is changed by the interactions with the cause (alteration). In contrast to Hill's criteria, the causal characteristics are distinct from the (1) evidence that is used to document causal characteristcs, (2) sources of information used to develop the evidence, and (3) qualities used to evaluate evidence of causal characteristics and body of evidence for the causal relationship. Evidence of causal characteristics can form the basis for assessments of epidemiological studies and can structure an explanatory narrative that is causally relevant and substantive. Six core characteristics amy be easier to organize, evaluate. communicate, and for decision-makers to assimilate, remember, and inspire action.