Meteor train observation (METRO) campaign in Japan I: Evolution of the campaign and observation results during 1998-2001
Meteor train observation (METRO) campaign in Japan I: Evolution of the campaign and observation results during 1998-2001
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日本流星列观测（METRO）活动一：1998-2001年间活动的演变和观测结果
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发表时间：
2003
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通讯作者：
Higa Yoshihiro
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作者：
Toda Masayuki;Masa;Fujita Mitsuhiro;Higa Yoshihiro
自1998年以来，我们在日本开展了流星列车观测（METRO）活动，1998-2001年期间，许多业余观测者收集了卓有成效的观测结果。地铁活动的目的是检测来自多个车站的许多火车图像，并调查它们的高度分布、三维形式和详细结构。我们呼吁在最佳条件下对持续的流星雨进行流行的摄影观测。我们在前三年获得了5个例子。2001年，正如一些研究人员预测的那样，在东亚观测到了狮子座流星雨，因此日本的观测者可以幸运地在几个小时内遇到许多明亮的火球和流星列车，从而产生了134个独立的持续列车的242个序列图像。这是第一次在一个晚上对连续的100多次探测进行大规模观察。确认了36个同时观测到的流星雨，以及98个单点观测到的流星雨。在本文中，我们介绍了地铁运动的方法及其在四年中的演变。１ ． 流星雨是在沿其轨道出现明亮的火球后形成的云。持续流星列车的发光持续时间超过30秒。在极少数情况下，它可以在几十分钟内观察到它在天空中的形状变化。对流星雨的研究始于19世纪后期，当时人们收集了一些用望远镜观察到的流星雨的草图，但不是肉眼观察到的。Trowbridge（1907）的早期研究就展示了这些典型的例子。本文报道了其高度分布、颜色、双核结构和耗散特性。管模型也被认为可以解释双核的形式。Liller和Whipple（1954）用一种聪明的方法，用超大光圈（F/0.65）的超级施密特照相机，第一次清晰地观测到持续流星序列。Shigeno et al.（1998）发现了200 *地铁活动，1-16-13泉，杉南。日本东京，168-0063。t日本流星协会。~通信研究实验室，日本东京小金井4-2-1 - Nukui-kita， 184-8795S东北大学理学院，仙台青叶阿拉木，日本，980-8578本文档由JAXA提供。
We have been conducted the meteor train observation (METRO) campaign in Japan since 1998, and fruitful observations were collected from many amateur observers during 1998-2001. The purpose of the METRO campaign is to detect many train images from multiple stations and to investigate their height distribution, three-dimensional forms, and detailed structures. We have called for the popular photographic observations of the persistent meteor trains with the optimum condition. We obtained 5 examples in first three years. And in 2001, the Leonids meteor storm was observed over East Asia as was predicted by some researchers, so that the observers in Japan could fortunately encounter lots of bright fireballs with meteor trains within a few hours, resulting in the 242 sequence images for the 134 independent persistent trains. It was the first vast-amount-of observation of the persistent train over 100 detections in one night. There were confirmed the 36 simultaneously observed meteor trains as well as the 98 examples detected from single site. In this paper, we present the method of the METRO campaign and its evolution during the four years. 1 . INTRODUCTION The meteor train is formed like a cloud after the appearance of bright flreball along its trajectory. The persistent meteor train has longer duration time of its luminescence over 30 seconds. In rarely case, it can be observed over decades of minutes with changing its shape in the sky. Study of the meteor train began in the late of the 19th century by way of collecting some sketches of the persistent trains observed with the telescope but by naked eye. These typical examples were shown in the early research by Trowbridge (1907). In this study the height distribution, the color, the double nucleus structure, and the dissipation feature were reported. The tube model was also assumed to explain the double nucleus form. Liller and Whipple (1954) observed the first clear sequence of the persistent meteor train by the super Schmidt camera with very large aperture (F/0.65) using a smart method. Shigeno et al. (1998) found the 200 * The METRO campaign, 1-16-13 Izumi, Suginami. Tokyo, 168-0063, JAPAN. t The Nippon Meteor Society, JAPAN. ~ Communications Research Laboratory, 4-2-1 Nukui-kita, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8795, JAPAN. S Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, JAPAN. This document is provided by JAXA.