Oxidative stress-mediated antibacterial activity of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Oxidative stress-mediated antibacterial activity of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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DOI：
10.2147/ijn.s37397
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
8
通讯作者：
Kim JH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gurunathan S;Han JW;Dayem AA;Eppakayala V;Kim JH
石墨烯由于其独特的高载流子迁移率、良好的光学透明性、大的比表面积和生物兼容性，在下一代电子和光子器件中具有巨大的潜在应用前景。本研究旨在研究氧化石墨烯(GO)和还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)对铜绿假单胞菌的抗菌作用。在本工作中，我们使用了一种新型的还原剂--β-羟甲基乙醇(BME)来合成石墨烯，以避免使用有毒材料。为了揭示GO和RGO对人体健康的影响，研究并比较了两种石墨烯材料对细菌模型铜绿假单胞菌的抗菌活性。用紫外-可见吸收光谱、粒度分析仪、X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和拉曼光谱对合成的GO和RGO进行了表征。此外，为了解释氧化石墨烯和还原氧化石墨烯的抗菌活性，我们采用了多种检测方法，如细胞生长、细胞活力、活性氧产生和DNA片段化。样品的紫外-可见光谱证实了GO向石墨烯的转变。动态光散射分析显示了两种石墨烯材料的平均尺寸。X射线衍射数据证实了石墨烯的结构，并用高分辨扫描电子显微镜研究了所制备的石墨烯的形貌。拉曼光谱数据表明，GO表面含氧官能团的去除和石墨烯的形成。细胞暴露于GO和rGO诱导产生超氧阴离子，细胞活力丧失。结果表明，抗菌活性是由细胞活力丧失、诱导氧化应激和DNA片段化造成的。比较了GO和rGO对铜绿假单胞菌的抗菌活性。铜绿假单胞菌活力的丧失以剂量和时间依赖的方式增加。与对照组相比，GO和rGO可显著诱导超氧阴离子的产生。GO和rGO对铜绿假单胞菌细胞表现出剂量依赖的抗菌活性，通过产生活性氧导致细胞死亡，并通过导致的核碎裂进一步证实这一点。这些数据是新颖的，因为它们证明了GO和rGO对铜绿假单胞菌是有效的杀菌剂，它将被用作未来的抗菌剂。
Graphene holds great promise for potential use in next-generation electronic and photonic devices due to its unique high carrier mobility, good optical transparency, large surface area, and biocompatibility. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effects of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this work, we used a novel reducing agent, betamercaptoethanol (BME), for synthesis of graphene to avoid the use of toxic materials. To uncover the impacts of GO and rGO on human health, the antibacterial activity of two types of graphene-based material toward a bacterial model P. aeruginosa was studied and compared. The synthesized GO and rGO was characterized by ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, particle-size analyzer, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Further, to explain the antimicrobial activity of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide, we employed various assays, such as cell growth, cell viability, reactive oxygen species generation, and DNA fragmentation. Ultraviolet-visible spectra of the samples confirmed the transition of GO into graphene. Dynamic light-scattering analyses showed the average size among the two types of graphene materials. X-ray diffraction data validated the structure of graphene sheets, and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy was employed to investigate the morphologies of prepared graphene. Raman spectroscopy data indicated the removal of oxygen-containing functional groups from the surface of GO and the formation of graphene. The exposure of cells to GO and rGO induced the production of superoxide radical anion and loss of cell viability. Results suggest that the antibacterial activities are contributed to by loss of cell viability, induced oxidative stress, and DNA fragmentation. The antibacterial activities of GO and rGO against P. aeruginosa were compared. The loss of P. aeruginosa viability increased in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Exposure to GO and rGO induced significant production of superoxide radical anion compared to control. GO and rGO showed dose-dependent antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa cells through the generation of reactive oxygen species, leading to cell death, which was further confirmed through resulting nuclear fragmentation. The data presented here are novel in that they prove that GO and rGO are effective bactericidal agents against P. aeruginosa, which would be used as a future antibacterial agent.