Rethinking infiltration in wildfire‐affected soils
Rethinking infiltration in wildfire‐affected soils
复制标题
重新思考受野火影响的土壤的渗透
DOI：
10.1002/hyp.9696
复制
发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
J. Moody
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. Ebel;J. Moody
版权所有©2013 John Wiley & Sons， Ltd野火经常导致山洪暴发（Yates et al., 2001）和泥石流（Cannon et al., 2001a,b; Gabet and Sternberg, 2008）等自然灾害。野火后水文灾害风险增加的主要原因之一是入渗率降低（例如Scott和van Wyk, 1990; Cerda, 1998; Robichaud, 2000； Martin和Moody， 2001）。除了峰值入渗速率降低之外，越来越多的证据表明，野火影响土壤的入渗基本物理特性与未燃烧土壤不同（如Imeson等，1992；Moody等，2009；Moody和Ebel， 2012）。考虑到美国西部（Westerling et al., 2006）和世界其他地区（Kasischke和Turetsky, 2006； Holz和Veblen, 2011； Pausas和Fernandez-Munoz， 2012）野火发生率的增加，了解野火后水文是至关重要的。野火是一种具有全球分布的扰动事件（Bowman et al., 2009; Krawchuk et al., 2009; Pechony and Shindell, 2010; Moritz et al., 2012），随着越来越多的人口进入火灾易发地区，了解野火后渗透对预测野火后后果的重要性日益增加。在受火影响的土壤中，径流通常由渗透-过量机制控制（例如Mayor等人，2007；Onda等人，2008；Kinner和Moody， 2010）。至关重要的是，消防界有概念模型、物理方程和工具（即数值模型）来预测入渗，从而预测降水过剩（Horton, 1933），这可以为野火后的水文气候情景提供峰值流量、径流开始、峰值时间和总径流的估计。饱和水力导电性Ksat [LT]的降低在受火影响的土壤中很常见，观测到的相对较低的值解释了山洪灾害的增加（例如Ksat为1-100mmh， Robichaud, 2000； Yates等，2000；Martin和Moody, 2001； Robichaud等，2007；Moody等，2009;Neary, 2011； Nyman等，2011）。
Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Motivations Wildfires frequently result in natural hazards such as flash floods (Yates et al., 2001) and debris flows (Cannon et al., 2001a,b; Gabet and Sternberg, 2008). One of the principal causes of the increased risk of post-wildfire hydrologically driven hazards is reduced infiltration rates (e.g. Scott and van Wyk, 1990; Cerda, 1998; Robichaud, 2000; Martin and Moody, 2001). Beyond the reduction in peak infiltration rate, there is mounting evidence that the fundamental physics of infiltration in wildfire-affected soils is different from unburned soils (e.g. Imeson et al., 1992; Moody et al., 2009; Moody and Ebel, 2012). Understanding post-wildfire hydrology is critical given the increasing wildfire incidence in the westernUSA (Westerling et al., 2006) and elsewhere in the world (Kasischke and Turetsky, 2006; Holz and Veblen, 2011; Pausas and Fernandez-Munoz, 2012). Wildfire is a disturbance event with global distribution (Bowman et al., 2009; Krawchuk et al., 2009; Pechony and Shindell, 2010; Moritz et al., 2012), and with increasing populations moving into fire-prone areas, understanding post-wildfire infiltration is of increasing importance for predicting post-wildfire consequences. Runoff is generally controlled by the infiltration-excess mechanism in fire-affected soils (e.g. Mayor et al., 2007; Onda et al., 2008; Kinner and Moody, 2010). It is essential that the fire community have conceptual models, physical equations and tools (i.e. numerical models) to predict infiltration and thus excess rainfall (after Horton, 1933), which can provide estimates of peak discharge, start of runoff, time to peak and total runoff for hydroclimatic scenarios after wildfires. Reductions in saturated hydraulic conductivity Ksat [LT ] are common for fire-affected soils, and the relatively low values observed explain the elevated flash flood hazards (e.g. Ksat of 1–100mmh , Robichaud, 2000; Yates et al., 2000; Martin and Moody, 2001; Robichaud et al., 2007; Moody et al., 2009; Neary, 2011; Nyman et al., 2011).