Walking with early dinosaurs: appendicular myology of the Late Triassic sauropodomorph Thecodontosaurus antiquus.
Walking with early dinosaurs: appendicular myology of the Late Triassic sauropodomorph Thecodontosaurus antiquus.
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DOI：
10.1098/rsos.211356
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发表时间：
2022-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Benton MJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ballell A;Rayfield EJ;Benton MJ
恐龙的进化以从两足到四足的多次独立转变为标志。蜥脚类是由小型两足动物向重力门四足动物过渡的一个分支，非蜥脚类蜥脚类动物进化出了一系列中间姿势策略。这种运动能力的变化反映在附肢骨骼的多次修改，以及肢体肌肉组织的剧烈重排。在此，我们从多个保存完好的标本中描述了晚三叠世蜥脚类动物（the ecodontosaurus antiquus）尾肌附着的骨学相关性，并提供了早期分支蜥脚类动物的第一个完整的前肢和后肢肌肉重建。与其他蜥脚类和早期恐龙的比较揭示了一种独特的肌形和衍生肌肉骨骼特征的组合。讨论了早期恐龙尾骨相关物的多样性及其与肌肉重建的相关性。与之前的证据一致，肢体肌肉排列的各个方面，比如下肢伸肌和屈肌的显著相关性，以及臀部伸肌和屈肌的低力矩臂，表明齿龙是一种敏捷的两足动物。这一重建有助于阐明在蜥脚类动物进化过程中阑尾肌肉组织发生重要变化的时间，这种变化促进了它们向四足动物的过渡，并有助于它们的进化成功。
Dinosaur evolution is marked by numerous independent shifts from bipedality to quadrupedality. Sauropodomorpha is one of the lineages that transitioned from small bipedal forms to graviportal quadrupeds, with an array of intermediate postural strategies evolving in non-sauropodan sauropodomorphs. This locomotor shift is reflected by multiple modifications of the appendicular skeleton, coupled with a drastic rearrangement of the limb musculature. Here, we describe the osteological correlates of appendicular muscle attachment of the Late Triassic sauropodomorph Thecodontosaurus antiquus from multiple well-preserved specimens and provide the first complete forelimb and hindlimb musculature reconstruction of an early-branching sauropodomorph. Comparisons with other sauropodomorphs and early dinosaurs reveal a unique combination of both plesiomorphic and derived musculoskeletal features. The diversity of appendicular osteological correlates among early dinosaurs and their relevance in muscle reconstruction are discussed. In line with previous evidence, aspects of the limb muscle arrangement, such as conspicuous correlates of lower limb extensors and flexors and low moment arms of hip extensors and flexors, suggest Thecodontosaurus was an agile biped. This reconstruction helps to elucidate the timing of important modifications of the appendicular musculature in the evolution of sauropodomorphs which facilitated the transition to quadrupedalism and contributed to their evolutionary success.
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
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