Phenotypic and genetic characterization of Africanized Apis mellifera colonies with natural tolerance to Varroa destructor and contrasting defensive behavior
Phenotypic and genetic characterization of Africanized Apis mellifera colonies with natural tolerance to Varroa destructor and contrasting defensive behavior
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DOI：
10.3389/finsc.2023.1175760
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发表时间：
2023-08
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通讯作者：
Eliana Mariel Bianchi;Carolina Ferrari;N. Aguirre;Carla V. Filippi;Pablo A. Vera;Andrea Fabiana Puebla;Gerardo P. Gennari;Graciela A. Rodríguez;A. Scannapieco;Cintia V. Acuña;S. Lanzavecchia
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作者：
Eliana Mariel Bianchi;Carolina Ferrari;N. Aguirre;Carla V. Filippi;Pablo A. Vera;Andrea Fabiana Puebla;Gerardo P. Gennari;Graciela A. Rodríguez;A. Scannapieco;Cintia V. Acuña;S. Lanzavecchia
在阿根廷北方（亚热带气候）发现了具有养蜂前景的非洲化意大利蜜蜂群体，并被认为是育种计划的重点。这种野生材料的综合评价显示高的菌落强度和抗性/耐受性育雏疾病。然而，这些非洲化蜜蜂（AHB）也表现出不同的负面行为特征，养蜂，如防御，倾向于集群和回避行为。我们开发了一种基于防御行为选择AHB股票的协议，并使用NGS技术表征了该性状的对比菌落。为了这个目的，人口和行为参数进行了调查，在整个养蜂季节在9个女儿殖民地获得的母亲殖民地（A1线粒体单倍型）有价值的特点（耐受螨狄斯瓦螨，高殖民地强度和低防御）。防御行为指数的开发和测试中的殖民地研究。通过ddRADseq分析显示对比防御行为的母体和两个子代菌落。从每个群体的16名工人中获得高质量的DNA样品。处理6份合并样本，包括3个菌落各2份重复样本。在A.其中142个在菌落之间表现出显著差异。我们在编码区、lncRNA、miRNA、rRNA、tRNA等中检测到SNP。从原始数据集中，我们还确定了位于蛋白质编码区的647个SNP，其中128个与先前与防御行为相关的21个基因相关，如dop 3和dopR 2，CaMK II和阿达尔，obp 9和obp 10，以及5-HT家族成员。我们通过考虑一妻多夫制和父系血统对AHB防御行为的影响来讨论所获得的结果，并提供基线信息，以使用这种创新的分子方法，ddRADseq，以帮助选择和评估蜜蜂股票，显示低防御行为用于商业用途。
Africanized Apis mellifera colonies with promising characteristics for beekeeping have been detected in northern Argentina (subtropical climate) and are considered of interest for breeding programs. Integral evaluation of this feral material revealed high colony strength and resistance/tolerance to brood diseases. However, these Africanized honeybees (AHB) also showed variable negative behavioral traits for beekeeping, such as defensiveness, tendency to swarm and avoidance behavior. We developed a protocol for the selection of AHB stocks based on defensive behavior and characterized contrasting colonies for this trait using NGS technologies. For this purpose, population and behavioral parameters were surveyed throughout a beekeeping season in nine daughter colonies obtained from a mother colony (A1 mitochondrial haplotype) with valuable characteristics (tolerance to the mite Varroa destructor, high colony strength and low defensiveness). A Defensive Behavior Index was developed and tested in the colonies under study. Mother and two daughter colonies displaying contrasting defensive behavior were analyzed by ddRADseq. High-quality DNA samples were obtained from 16 workers of each colony. Six pooled samples, including two replicates of each of the three colonies, were processed. A total of 12,971 SNPs were detected against the reference genome of A. mellifera, 142 of which showed significant differences between colonies. We detected SNPs in coding regions, lncRNA, miRNA, rRNA, tRNA, among others. From the original data set, we also identified 647 SNPs located in protein-coding regions, 128 of which are related to 21 genes previously associated with defensive behavior, such as dop3 and dopR2, CaMKII and ADAR, obp9 and obp10, and members of the 5-HT family. We discuss the obtained results by considering the influence of polyandry and paternal lineages on the defensive behavior in AHB and provide baseline information to use this innovative molecular approach, ddRADseq, to assist in the selection and evaluation of honey bee stocks showing low defensive behavior for commercial uses.