Development of socio-emotional competence in bonobos
Development of socio-emotional competence in bonobos
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1316449110
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发表时间：
2013-11-05
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
de Waal, Frans B. M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Clay, Zanna;de Waal, Frans B. M.
社交和情感技能在人类发展中紧密相连，并且两者都会受到社会发展破坏的负面影响。然而，尽管人们对社交技能的关怀、友谊和健身益处越来越感兴趣，但其他灵长类动物的社交技能和情感技能之间的相互作用（包括同理心的表达）却很少受到关注。在这里，我们研究了刚果民主共和国庇护所中幼年倭黑猩猩（Pan paniscus）社会情感能力的发展，重点关注各种技能之间的相互作用，包括与同理心相关的反应。大多数受试者都是康复孤儿，但也有一些是在庇护所出生并在那里由母亲抚养长大的。我们观察了不同抚养背景的青少年如何应对压力事件，无论压力影响到自己（例如，打架失败）还是影响他人（例如，目睹他人的痛苦）。主要的因变量是通过平静的身体接触来安慰痛苦的一方。与儿童一样，安慰是通过整体社交能力和有效的情绪调节来预测的，这反映在从自我痛苦中恢复的速度和焦虑的行为测量中。自我调节能力更强的青少年更有可能安慰处于困境中的他人，这种行为在母亲抚养的青少年中比孤儿更常见。这些结果强调了我们的猿类亲属的社交和情感技能的发展之间的相互作用，以及母子关系在塑造社会情感能力方面的重要性。
Social and emotional skills are tightly interlinked in human development, and both are negatively impacted by disrupted social development. The same interplay between social and emotional skills, including expressions of empathy, has received scant attention in other primates however, despite the growing interest in caring, friendships, and the fitness benefits of social skills. Here we examine the development of socio-emotional competence in juvenile bonobos (Pan paniscus) at a sanctuary in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, focusing on the interplay between various skills, including empathy-related responding. Most subjects were rehabilitated orphans, but some were born at the sanctuary and mother-reared there. We observed how juveniles with different rearing backgrounds responded to stressful events, both when the stress affected themselves (e.g., a lost fight) or others (e. g., witnessing the distress of others). The main dependent variable was the consolation of distressed parties by means of calming body contact. As in children, consolation was predicted by overall social competence and effective emotion regulation, as reflected in the speed of recovery from self-distress and behavioral measures of anxiety. Juveniles more effective at self-regulation were more likely to console others in distress, and such behavior was more typical of mother-reared juveniles than orphans. These results highlight the interplay between the development of social and emotional skills in our ape relatives and the importance of the mother-offspring bond in shaping socio-emotional competence.