Making ultrasensitive weighing biocompatible by placing the sample within a resonant cantilever.
Making ultrasensitive weighing biocompatible by placing the sample within a resonant cantilever.
复制标题
通过将样品放置在共振悬臂内，实现超灵敏称重的生物相容性。
DOI：
10.1002/anie.200702894
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发表时间：
2007
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
P. Tinnefeld
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Tinnefeld
悬臂式传感器是一种新兴的物理、化学和生物传感器。通常，传感器必须提供选择性响应，在化学传感器的情况下，例如通过与目标分析物的特异性结合可以获得选择性响应。这里，特异性可以通过传感器表面上的受体来实现，该受体从溶液中捕获分析物。除了识别过程之外，传感器还需要一个转导过程，即将分子识别事件转换为可测量的、方便的输出信号的特定物理过程。传感器可以对不同的量做出反应，例如温度、质量或化学或生物相关分子的浓度。近年来，杠杆已经成为一组换能器，可以应用于纯粹基于机械能转换的所有领域。关键的属性是，不同的刺激可以影响悬臂梁传感器的机械特性，然后可以比较容易地测量。[1]分析物与悬臂梁换能器上的选择性层的结合可以产生表面应力的变化，这导致悬臂梁的弯曲。因此，杠杆通常只在一侧进行修改。悬臂换能器的弯曲可以通过各种模式读出，例如，光学地，通过压阻的变化，或通过电容测量。由于悬臂梁的偏转通常非常小，因此悬臂梁也可以在谐振模式下工作，以提供更高的灵敏度。谐振模式的工作原理与Sauerbrey在50年前推出的石英晶体微量天平（QCM）基本相同。[2]微机械和纳米机械谐振器可以被视为弱阻尼的机械振荡器，其可以通过胡克定律以简化的形式描述。弹簧常数k和总有效质量m* 两者确定谐振器的机械谐振频率ν，其在添加质量Dm时改变。谐振器的质量的变化转化为谐振频率v的偏移[等式2]。①]。ν ¼ 1
Cantilever transducers constitute an emerging class of transducers for physical, chemical, and biological sensors. Generally, a sensor has to provide selective response, which can be obtained, in the case of a chemical sensor, for example, by specific binding to the target analyte. Here, the specificity can be accomplished by a receptor on the sensor surface that captures the analyte from solution. Besides the recognition process, a sensor requires a transduction process, that is, a specific physical process that transduces the molecular recognition event into a measurable, convenient output signal. A sensor can react to different quantities such as temperature, mass, or concentration of chemical or biologically relevant molecules. In recent years, cantilevers have emerged as a set of transducers that can be applied in all areas that are based purely on the transduction of mechanical energy. The key property is that different stimuli can affect the mechanical characteristics of the cantilever transducers which then can be measured comparatively easily.[1] The binding of an analyte to a selective layer on a cantilever transducer can create a change in the surface stress, which leads to the bending of a cantilever. Therefore, cantilevers are often modified only on one side. The bending of the cantilever transducer can be read out by various modes, for example, optically, through changes in piezoresistance, or by capacitance measurements. As cantilever deflections are often very small, cantilevers can alternatively be operated in a resonant mode to provide higher sensitivity. The working principle of the resonant mode is essentially the same as that of the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), which was introduced by Sauerbrey 50 years ago.[2] Micro-and nanomechanical resonators can be treated as weakly damped mechanical oscillators that can be described in a simplified form by Hook s law. Both the spring constant k and the total effective mass m* determine the mechanical resonance frequency ν of the resonator, which is altered upon addition of a mass Dm. Changes in the mass of the resonator translate into shifts of the resonance frequency ν [Eq.(1)]. ν ¼ 1