The rheology of crystallizing basaltic lavas from Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira volcanoes, D.R.C.

The rheology of crystallizing basaltic lavas from Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira volcanoes, D.R.C.
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刚果民主共和国尼拉贡戈火山和尼亚穆拉吉拉火山结晶玄武岩熔岩的流变学

DOI:
10.30909/vol.03.01.0128
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
A. Sehlke
A. Sehlke
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Aaroon Morrison;A. Whittington;B. Smets;M. Kervyn;A. Sehlke

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尼拉贡戈(刚果民主共和国)喷发出流动、快速移动的火山熔岩。附近的Nyamuragira经常喷发不那么移动的软玉熔岩。Nyamuragira水流很少威胁城市化地区,但尼拉贡戈水流威胁到戈马(人口约900 000)和周围村庄,在1977年和2002年造成死亡。我们报告新的实验室测量粘度演变过程中冷却和结晶从两个火山同心圆筒粘度计。尼拉贡戈熔岩在液相线(约1220°C)时的熔体粘度约为33 Pa s,与夏威夷玄武岩相似。熔岩即使在低斜坡上的亚液相线温度下,在过冷度超过约75°C(约10 ms-1)时仍保持流体状态,这对戈马构成很大风险。
Nyiragongo (Democratic Republic of Congo) erupts fluid, fast-moving, foidite lavas. Nearby Nyamuragira frequently erupts less mobile tephrite lavas. Nyamuragira flows rarely threaten urbanized areas, but Nyiragongo flows threaten Goma (pop. ~900,000) and surrounding villages, resulting in fatalities in 1977 and 2002. We report new laboratory measurements of viscosity evolution during cooling and crystallization from both volcanoes by concentric cylinder viscometry. Melt viscosity is ~33 Pa s at the liquidus (~1220°C) for Nyiragongo lavas, similar to Hawaiian basalts. Lavas remain fluid over ~75°C of undercooling (ϕc 10 ms-1 even at subliquidus temperatures on low slopes, posing great risk to Goma.