Spring migration of Blackpoll Warblers across North America
Spring migration of Blackpoll Warblers across North America
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黑头莺在北美春季迁徙
DOI：
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
P. Taylor
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kristen M. Covino;S. R. Morris;M. Shieldcastle;P. Taylor
。鸟类在繁殖地和越冬地之间令人惊叹的季节性迁徙长期以来一直吸引着业余博物学家和专业鸟类学家的兴趣。尽管新技术提高了我们在整个年度周期中追踪个体移民的能力，但条带记录提供的规模和细节仍然非常有价值。鸟类迁徙研究的重点通常是生理上最具挑战性的迁徙行为，有时使某些物种或季节的研究相对不足。黑头莺 (Setophaga striata) 以其在秋季迁徙期间的跨洋迁徙飞行而闻名，这是对它进行最好研究的季节，但其春季迁徙的细节尚不清楚，至少在大陆范围内是这样。在这里，我们使用来自北美 28 个环带地点的 15,000 多只黑头莺的春季迁徙环带数据来描述该物种春季迁徙模式的细节。我们的数据跨越近 60 年，表明黑冠莺正在以每十年 0.5 天的速度提前迁徙。我们还证明了预期的先熟型迁徙模式和意想不到的性别依赖性迁徙速度差异，其中女性比男性迁徙得更快。我们对纵向时间模式的分析表明，通过 85° 以西地点的飞行发生在 85° 以东地点通过之前，并且这种差异在整个迁徙期间不断增加，表明使用西部地点的鸟类迁徙得更快。此外，我们还提供了有关翅膀长度分析的证据，表明来自东部和西部繁殖地的鸟类在低纬度迁徙地点混合，但随着鸟类向北飞行，它们的迁徙路径发生了分歧。这些结果表明，迁徙到西部繁殖地的鸟类在迁徙速度和路线上有所不同，从而补偿了西部黑顶莺种群与北美东部繁殖地相比较长的迁徙距离。
. The awe-inspiring seasonal migrations of birds between breeding and wintering grounds has long attracted the interest of casual naturalists and professional ornithologists alike. Although new technologies improve our ability to follow individual migrants throughout their annual cycle, the scale and detail provided by banding records remain incredibly valuable. The focus of avian migration studies is often the most physiologically challenging migratory feats that sometimes leaves certain species or seasons relatively understudied. The Blackpoll Warbler ( Setophaga striata ) is well-known for its transoceanic migratory flight during fall migration, the season in which it is best studied, yet the details of its spring migration are not well known, at least not at a continental scale. Here we use spring migration banding data on over 15,000 Blackpoll Warblers from 28 banding sites across North America to describe the details of the spring migration patterns in this species. Our data, which spans almost 60 years, indicates that Blackpoll Warblers are migrating earlier at a rate of 0.5 days per decade. We also demonstrate an expected protandrous migratory pattern and an unexpected sex-dependent difference in migration speed with females migrating more quickly than males. Our analyses of longitudinal timing patterns reveal that passage through sites west of 85° occurs prior to passage at sites east of 85° and that this difference increases throughout the migratory period, indicating that birds using western sites are migrating faster. Additionally, we provide evidence vis-à-vis analyses of wing length that birds from eastern and western breeding locations mix at lower-latitude migratory sites but their migratory paths diverge as birds proceed north. These results indicate that birds migrating to western breeding sites differ in their migration speed and route thus compensating for the longer migratory distances traveled by western populations of Blackpoll Warblers compared to those breeding in eastern North America