Trends and affordability of cigarette prices: ample room for tax increases and related health gains
Trends and affordability of cigarette prices: ample room for tax increases and related health gains
复制标题
DOI：
10.1136/tc.11.1.35
复制
发表时间：
2002-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Yach, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Guindon, GE;Tobin, S;Yach, D
背景：提高烟草制品的价格可以说是遏制烟草制品流行和消费的最有效方法。价格上涨将减轻烟草消费带来的全球疾病负担。目标：使用不同方法比较来自 80 多个国家的卷烟价格数据，研究 20 世纪 90 年代的价格趋势和承受能力，并探讨与烟草价格有关的各种政策影响。设计：使用经济学人智库 2001 年 3 月的卷烟价格数据来比较各国卷烟价格。为了便于比较和评估承受能力，价格以美元、购买力平价（PPP）单位、使用巨无霸指数作为购买力平价指标以及购买一包香烟所需的劳动分钟数来表示。还计算了 1990 年至 2000 年间卷烟价格的年度实际百分比变化以及 1991 至 2000 年间购买卷烟所需劳动时间的年度变化，以检验趋势。 结果：在较富裕的国家和拥有强有力的烟草控制计划的国家，卷烟价格往往较高。另一方面，购买香烟所需的时间在不同国家之间差异很大。 1990 年至 2000 年间实际价格和劳动时间的趋势表明，除一些例外情况外，卷烟在大多数发达国家变得更加昂贵，但在许多发展中国家却变得更便宜。然而，在英国，尽管最近价格有所上涨，卷烟仍然比 1960 年代更便宜。 结论：结果表明，通过税收提高烟草价格的空间很大。 在太多国家，卷烟价格未能跟上商品和服务总体价格水平的上涨，导致 2000 年卷烟价格比本世纪初更便宜。许多国家忽视了通过价格上涨带来的消费减少来增加政府收入和改善健康的机会。
Background: Increasing the price of tobacco products is arguably the most effective method of curbing the prevalence and consumption of tobacco products. Price increases would reduce the global burden of disease brought about by tobacco consumption.Objectives: To compare cigarette price data from more than 80 countries using varying methods, examine trends in prices and affordability during the 1990s, and explore various policy implications pertaining to tobacco prices.Design: March 2001 cigarette price data from the Economist Intelligence Unit are used to compare cigarette prices across countries. To facilitate comparison and to assess affordability, prices are presented in US dollars, purchasing power parity (PPP) units using the Big Mac index as an indicator of PPP and in terms of minutes of labour required to purchase a pack of cigarettes. Annual real percentage changes in cigarette prices between 1990 and 2000 and annual changes in the minutes of labour required to buy cigarettes between 1991 and 2000 are also calculated to examine trends.Results: Cigarette prices tend to be higher in wealthier countries and in countries that have strong tobacco control programmes. On the other hand, minutes of]about required to purchase cigarettes vary vastly between countries. Trends between 1990 and 2000 in real prices and minutes of labour indicate, with some exceptions, that cigarettes have become more expensive in most developed countries but more affordable in many developing countries. However, in the UK, despite recent increases in price, cigarettes are still more affordable than they were in the 1960s.Conclusions: The results suggest that there is ample room to increase tobacco prices through taxation, In too many countries, cigarette prices have failed to keep up with increases in the general price level of goods and services, rendering them more affordable in 2000 than they were at the beginning of the decade. Opportunities to increase government revenue and improve health through reduced consumption brought about by higher prices have been overlooked in many countries.