The potential for field studies and genomic technologies to enhance resistance and resilience of British tree populations to pests and pathogens
The potential for field studies and genomic technologies to enhance resistance and resilience of British tree populations to pests and pathogens
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DOI：
10.1093/forestry/cpu046
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
D. Boshier;R. Buggs
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Boshier;R. Buggs
温带乔木寄主与病虫害和病原菌相互作用的遗传研究以及抗性或低易感性的选育，因其世代时间长、体型大而受到阻碍。林务人员需要迅速利用可能加速研究和育种计划的新技术，并利用机会最大限度地利用现有的试验田。一种富有成效的方法可能是将新的基因组方法应用于已建立的种源和后代试验、种子园和克隆档案的分析，在这些地方可能会进行害虫和病原体的筛选。这种方法的一个重要试验案例正在英国进行，涉及白蜡树（Fraxinus excelsior L.）和对由fraxineus Hymenoscyphus （T. Kowalski）引起的枯萎病的抗性的研究。11 .本综述考察：(1)森林树木抗病原体和害虫的田间试验的使用，(2)田间试验如何支持基因组技术在树木健康问题上的应用，(3)英国田间试验资源的范围，(4)限制田间试验使用和维护的问题，(5)可能的实验设计大纲，(6)自然系统的使用，(7)长期试验的资金。最新技术的应用可能严重依赖于精心设计和维护的长期现场试验，这些试验可以在数十年内产生宝贵的资源和结果。
Genetic research on the interactions of temperate tree hosts with pests and pathogens, and breeding for resistance or low susceptibility, are hindered by the long generation time and large size of tree species. Foresters need to be quick to exploit new technologies that may accelerate research and breeding programmes, and opportunistic in gaining maximum use from existing experimental tree plots. A fruitful approach may be to apply new genomic methods to the analysis of established provenance and progeny trials, seed orchards and clonal archives, where screening for pests and pathogens may occur. An important test case of this approach is underway in Britain with respect to ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) and the search for resistance to the dieback caused by Hymenoscyphus fraxineus (T. Kowalski) Baral, Queloz, Hosoya, comb. nov. This review examines: (1) the use of field trials for pathogen and pest resistance in forest trees, (2) how field trials may support the application of genomic technologies to tree health issues, (3) the extent of the field trial resource in Britain, (4) issues that constrain the use and maintenance of field trials, (5) an outline of possible experimental designs, (6) the use of natural systems and (7) funding of long-term trials. Application of the latest technologies may be critically dependent on the availability of welldesigned and maintained, long-term, field trials that produce invaluable resources and results for decades.