Morphological and genetic diversity of temperate phages in Clostridium difficile
Morphological and genetic diversity of temperate phages in Clostridium difficile
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DOI：
10.1128/aem.00582-07
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发表时间：
2007-11-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Moineau, Sylvain
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fortier, Louis-Charles;Moineau, Sylvain
丝裂霉素C诱导后，对应于六个不同的PCR核糖体型的六个艰难梭菌分离株的八个温带的特点。高毒力C.导致多机构爆发的艰难梭菌菌株（NAP 1/027或QCD-32 g58）是这些含原噬菌体的菌株之一。通过透射电子显微镜（TEM）观察粗裂解物，发现存在三个具有等长衣壳和长收缩尾（肌尾病毒科（Myoviridae family））的杆状病毒，以及五个具有长非收缩尾（管尾病毒科（Siphoviridae family））的杆状病毒。TEM分析还揭示了在所有裂解物中存在大量的噬菌体尾样颗粒。限制性原噬菌体DNA的Southern杂交实验表明，C.属于肌尾病毒科的艰难梭菌与先前描述的前噬菌体phi C2、phi C5和phi CD 119高度相似并且最可能相关。另一方面，Siphoviridae噬菌体家族的成员在遗传上更加不同，这表明它们起源于远亲祖先。因此，我们的数据表明，至少有三个遗传上不同的群体的温带美洲狮在C。一组由高度相关的噬菌体组成，另外两组由遗传上更异质的噬菌体组成。最后，没有基因同源的编码艰难梭菌毒素或毒素调节基因可以确定在这些细菌的基因组中使用DNA杂交。有趣的是，每个独特的噬菌体限制性图谱与特定的艰难梭菌PCR核糖体型相关。
Eight temperate phages were characterized after mitomycin C induction of six Clostridium difficile isolates corresponding to six distinct PCR ribotypes. The hypervirulent C. difficile strain responsible for a multi-institutional outbreak (NAP1/027 or QCD-32g58) was among these prophage-containing strains. Observation of the crude lysates by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed the presence of three phages with isometric capsids and long contractile tails (Myoviridae family), as well as five phages with long noncontractile tails (Siphoviridae family). TEM analyses also revealed the presence of a significant number of phage tail-like particles in all the lysates. Southern hybridization experiments with restricted prophage DNA showed that C. difficile phages belonging to the family Myoviridae are highly similar and most likely related to previously described prophages phi C2, phi C5, and phi CD119. On the other hand, members of the Siphoviridae phage family are more genetically divergent, suggesting that they originated from distantly related ancestors. Our data thus suggest that there are at least three genetically distinct groups of temperate phages in C. difficile; one group is composed of highly related myophages, and the other two groups are composed of more genetically heterogeneous siphophages. Finally, no gene homologous to genes encoding C difficile toxins or toxin regulators could be identified in the genomes of these phages using DNA hybridization. Interestingly, each unique phage restriction profile correlated with a specific C difficile PCR ribotype.