Juvenile social dynamics reflect adult reproductive strategies in bottlenose dolphins
Juvenile social dynamics reflect adult reproductive strategies in bottlenose dolphins
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DOI：
10.1093/beheco/araa068
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发表时间：
2020-09-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Mann, Janet
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Galezo, Allison A.;Foroughirad, Vivienne;Mann, Janet
幼年期是一个具有挑战性的生命史阶段，特别是在具有高度裂变融合动力学的物种中，例如海豚，那里几乎没有母性保护。在这里，我们研究了少年男性和女性海豚导航这个脆弱的时期。具体来说，我们研究了他们的分组模式，活动预算，网络动态，和社会协会在没有成年人。我们发现，青少年生活在高度动态的群体中，群体组成平均每10分钟改变一次。群体通常按性别隔离，隔离是由同性偏好而不是异性回避驱动的。青少年与特定的个体，特别是亲属和同性伴侣形成了强烈的联系，两性都与他们喜欢的伴侣形成了小团体。青少年时期的性别特异性策略反映了成年生殖策略，其中对潜在社会伙伴的探索可能对男性（成年后形成长期联盟）比女性（成年后优先与亲属联系）更重要。雌性花更多的时间独处，比雄性更专注于觅食，但仍然形成了密切的同性联系，特别是与亲属。男性比女性拥有更广泛的社交网络，有着强大的同性联系和许多男性伙伴。男性比女性参与更多的亲和行为。这些结果与社会纽带和技能假设一致，并表明具有关系社会复杂性的物种的延迟性成熟可能允许个体评估潜在的伙伴并探索复杂的社会景观，而没有与性成熟相关的风险（例如，成年人的生殖竞争;近亲繁殖）。
The juvenile period is a challenging life-history stage, especially in species with a high degree of fission-fusion dynamics, such as bottlenose dolphins, where maternal protection is virtually absent. Here, we examined how juvenile male and female bottlenose dolphins navigate this vulnerable period. Specifically, we examined their grouping patterns, activity budget, network dynamics, and social associations in the absence of adults. We found that juveniles live in highly dynamic groups, with group composition changing every 10 min on average. Groups were generally segregated by sex, and segregation was driven by same-sex preference rather than opposite-sex avoidance. Juveniles formed strong associations with select individuals, especially kin and same-sex partners, and both sexes formed cliques with their preferred partners. Sex-specific strategies in the juvenile period reflected adult reproductive strategies, in which the exploration of potential social partners may be more important for males (which form long-term alliances in adulthood) than females (which preferentially associate with kin in adulthood). Females spent more time alone and were more focused on foraging than males, but still formed close same-sex associations, especially with kin. Males cast a wider social net than females, with strong same-sex associations and many male associates. Males engaged in more affiliative behavior than females. These results are consistent with the social bonds and skills hypothesis and suggest that delayed sexual maturity in species with relational social complexity may allow individuals to assess potential associates and explore a complex social landscape without the risks associated with sexual maturity (e.g., adult reproductive competition; inbreeding).