Do high functioning persons with autism present superior spatial abilities?
Do high functioning persons with autism present superior spatial abilities?
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2003.08.015
复制
发表时间：
2004-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Chouinard, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Caron, MJ;Mottron, L;Chouinard, S
这一系列实验的目的是使用人类大小的迷宫来评估自闭症高功能个体（HFA）的空间能力。在最近的研究结果的背景下，HFA的个人的表现是上级在几个非社会认知操作的典型发展中的个人，预计HFA组将超过一个典型发展中的对照组匹配的全面的智商。结果表明，自闭症患者在执行所有空间任务时，其水平至少相当于通常发展中的对照组。在路线和调查任务方面，两组之间没有差异。在涉及地图的任务中，HFA个体的上级表现形式为路径的图形线索回忆的上级准确性，以及在地图学习任务中的较短学习时间。我们提出一个上级能力，以检测[人类感知和性能27（3）（2001）719]，匹配[Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 34（1993）1351]并复制[Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 40（5）（1999）743]简单的视觉元素在依赖于构成地图的视觉元素的检测和图形再现的任务中产生上级性能。自闭症患者对视觉上简单模式的辨别、检测和记忆能力增强，这可能是自闭症患者在视觉空间任务中表现上级的原因，这些任务主要涉及模式识别，无论是识别和记忆地标，还是检测地图和景观特征之间的相似性。在神经解剖学水平，这些发现表明一个完整的背外侧通路，并在非社会任务依赖于颞下通路增强性能。(C)2003爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。
This series of experiments was aimed at assessing spatial abilities in high functioning individuals with autism (HFA), using a human-size labyrinth. In the context of recent findings that the performance of individuals with HFA was superior to typically developing individuals in several non-social cognitive operations, it was expected that the HFA group would outperform a typically developing comparison group matched on full-scale IQ. Results showed that individuals with autism performed all spatial tasks at a level at least equivalent to the typically developing comparison group. No differences between groups were found in route and survey tasks. Superior performance for individuals with HFA was found in tasks involving maps, in the form of superior accuracy in graphic cued recall of a path, and shorter learning times in a map learning task. We propose that a superior ability to detect [Human Perception and Performance 27 (3) (2001) 719], match [Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 34 (1993) 1351] and reproduce [Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 40 (5) (1999) 743] simple visual elements yields superior performance in tasks relying on the detection and graphic reproduction of the visual elements composing a map. Enhanced discrimination, detection, and memory for visually simple patterns in autism may account for the superior performance of persons with autism on visuo-spatial tasks that heavily involve pattern recognition, either in the form of recognizing and memorizing landmarks or in detecting the similarity between map and landscape features. At a neuro-anatomical level, these findings suggest an intact dorso-lateral pathway, and enhanced performance in non social tasks relying on the infero-temporal pathway. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.