STUDIES OF BRAIN LYSOSOMES—I SUBCELLULAR DISTRIBUTION OF FIVE ACID HYDROLASES, SUCCINATE DEHYDROGENASE AND GANGLIOSIDES IN RAT BRAIN *
STUDIES OF BRAIN LYSOSOMES—I SUBCELLULAR DISTRIBUTION OF FIVE ACID HYDROLASES, SUCCINATE DEHYDROGENASE AND GANGLIOSIDES IN RAT BRAIN *
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脑溶酶体的研究——I 大鼠脑内五种酸性水解酶、琥珀酸脱氢酶和神经节苷脂的亚细胞分布*
DOI：
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发表时间：
1964
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
James Scott
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. Koenig;D. Gaines;T. Mcdonald;Rosalind Gray;James Scott
酸性磷酸酶、组织蛋白酶和某些其他酸性水解酶似乎一起被限制在一类特殊的细胞质颗粒--溶酶体中（DE DUVE，BERGMAN，GIANETTO，WATTIAUK和APPLEMANS，1955）。这些颗粒已经通过肝脏的蔗糖匀浆的差速离心从线粒体和其它细胞浓缩物中部分分离（DE DUVE等人，1955）、肾脏（STRAUSS，1954）、骨骼肌（TAPPEL、ZALKIN、考德威尔、DESAI和SHIBKO，1962）、心肌（SOTTOCASA、STAGNI、罗密欧和DE BERNARD，1962）、胸腺（RAHMAN，1962）和其他几种组织。除了具有相似的沉降特性之外，迄今为止已经鉴定出其中约十二种或十三种的颗粒酸水解酶还显示出结构潜伏期，即，当新鲜悬浮在等渗蔗糖介质中时，它们对添加的底物相对惰性，需要破坏性处理以将活性酶释放到溶液中。根据水解酶的体内行为，DE DUVE及其同事（在DE DUVE，1959中进行了综述）得出结论，溶酶体是一种惰性渗透囊，其由限制封闭酶的底物可及性的不可渗透脂蛋白膜界定。神经溶酶体的生物化学研究很少。博费、BERLEUR和DOYEN（1957）以摘要形式报道，在大鼠脑的0.25 M蔗糖匀浆中，水解酶、酸性磷酸酶、酸性RNase、酸性DNase、B-葡萄糖醛酸酶和组织蛋白酶在很大程度上是可沉降的，并表现出结构潜伏期。然而，这些工作人员不能通过差速离心将酸性水解酶与α 1酶分离。WIJITTAKER（1959）随后发现，豚鼠脑线粒体部分中所含的0-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶和酸性磷酸酶在蔗糖梯度中以不同方式沉降，因此质疑溶酶体理论应用于脑的有效性。虽然有关溶酶体在神经系统中的地位的生化数据，
ACID phosphatase, cathepsin, and certain other acid hydrolases seem to be confined together within a special class of cytoplasmic particles, lysosomes (DE DUVE, PRESSMAN, GIANETTO, WATTIAUK and APPLEMANS, 1955). These particles have been partially separated from mitochondria and other cell constitucnts by differential centrifugation of sucrose homogenates of liver (DE DUVE et al., 1955), kidney (STRAUSS, 1954), skeletal muscle (TAPPEL, ZALKIN, CALDWELL, DESAI and SHIBKO, 1962), heart muscle (SOTTOCASA, STAGNI, ROMEO and DE BERNARD, 1962), thymus gland (RAHMAN, 1962), and several other tissues. In addition to sharing similar sedimentation properties, the particulate acid hydrolases, of which some twelve or thirteen have thus far been identified, display structural latency, i.e., they are relatively inert toward added substrates when freshly suspended in isotonic sucrose media, disruptive treatments being required to release active enzymes into solution. From the in citro behaviour of the hydrolytic enzymes, DE DUVE and associates (reviewed in DE DUVE, 1959) concluded that the lysosome is an inert osmotic sac which is delimited by an impervious lipoprotein membrane that restricts the substrate accessibility of the enclosed enzymes. Neural lysosomes have been little studied by biochemical methods. BEAUFAY, BERLEUR and DOYEN (1957) reported, in abstract form, that the hydrolases, acid phosphatase, acid RNase, acid DNase, B-glucuronidase and cathepsin, in 0.25 M sucrose homogenates of rat brain, are largely sedimentible and exhibit structural latency. However, these workers were unable to separate the acid hydrolases from mitochondria1 enzymes by differential centrifugation. WIJITTAKER (1959) subsequently found that the 0-glucuronidase and the acid phosphatase contained within a mitochondrial fraction of guinea pig brain sedimented differently i n a sucrose gradient, and so questioned the validity of the lysosome theory as applied to brain. Although the biochemical data regarding the status of the lysosome in the nervous ROSALIND GRAY and JAMES SCOTT