Management of wheat blast with synthetic fungicides, partial resistance and silicate and phosphite minerals
Management of wheat blast with synthetic fungicides, partial resistance and silicate and phosphite minerals
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使用合成杀菌剂、部分抗性以及硅酸盐和亚磷酸盐矿物质防治小麦瘟病
DOI：
10.1007/s12600-014-0401-x
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
A. Café
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Pagani;A. C. Dianese;A. Café
2010年和2011年在黄红色砖红壤（pH 6.0）上进行的田间试验旨在研究硅、亚磷酸盐矿物、合成杀菌剂和遗传抗性对巴西中部小麦稻瘟病管理（稻瘟病菌）的影响。在cvs上测量疾病强度。对BRS 264和BR 18进行以下Si处理：种植前犁沟施用Ca & Mg硅酸盐（300 kg ha-1）;种植后在土壤顶部分散施用Ca & Mg硅酸盐（1吨ha-1）;多次叶面SiO2施用（30 g l-1）;和未处理的对照。对爆炸发生率和严重程度进行评分。进一步的实验进行了CV。BR-264，用于检查亚磷酸钾和合成杀菌剂对小麦稻瘟病强度的影响，具有以下处理：K2 HPO 3（1 ml l-1）;环氧唑+吡唑醚菌酯（700 ml ha-1）;戊唑醇（600 ml ha-1）;戊唑醇+唑菌酯（750 ml ha-1）;和未处理的对照。2010年，疾病强度低于2011年。在硅酸盐实验中，当植物用叶面或沟硅酸盐处理时，疾病显著降低。Si应用显著减少了BRS-264中的疾病。虽然BR-18一贯表现出较低的疾病水平，CV。BRS-264通常对硅应用的反应更明显。在2010年的亚磷酸盐/杀真菌剂实验中，与对照相比，所有处理都减少了病害，并且在2011年，亚磷酸盐效率与一些杀真菌剂处理没有显著差异。合成杀真菌剂表现出55%的严重度值的平均控制。在亚磷酸盐处理的地块中，产量增加了9-80%，在硅处理中增加了26-92%，并且更多，并且更一致地，使用合成杀菌剂（90-121%）。在非常有利于病害发生的环境条件下进行的所有实地研究的综合结果表明，控制小麦稻瘟病需要联合整合几种替代方法，以实现有效的病害管理。
Field trials conducted on a yellow-red latossol (pH 6.0), replicated in 2010 and 2011, sought to examine the effect of silicon, phosphite minerals, synthetic fungicides and genetic resistance for wheat blast management (Magnaporthe grisea) in Central Brazil. Disease intensity was measured on cvs. BRS 264 and BR18 subjected to the following Si treatments: pre-plant furrow application of Ca & Mg silicate (300 kg ha-1); post-plant scattered application of Ca & Mg silicate on top of the soil (1 ton ha-1); multiple foliar SiO2 applications (30 g l-1); and non-treated control. Blast incidence and severity were scored. Further experiments were conducted on cv. BR-264, for examination of the effect of potassium phosphite and synthetic fungicides on wheat blast intensity, with the following treatments: K2HPO3 (1ml l-1); epoxinazole + pyraclostrobin (700 ml ha-1); tebuconazole (600 ml ha-1); tebuconazole + trifloxystrobin (750 ml ha-1); and non-treated control. In 2010, disease intensity was lower than in 2011. In the silicate experiments, disease was significantly lower when plants were treated with foliar or furrow silicate. Si applications significantly reduced disease in BRS-264. While BR-18 consistently demonstrated lower disease levels, cv. BRS-264 generally responded more markedly to silicon applications. In the phosphite/fungicide experiment of 2010, all treatments reduced disease when compared with the control, and in 2011 phosphite efficiency was not significantly different from some fungicide treatments. Synthetic fungicides demonstrated an average blast control of 55% by severity values. Yields were increased in the phosphite-treated plots (by 9–80%), in the Si treatments (by 26–92%), and more so, and more consistently, with synthetic fungicides (by 90–121%). Combined results of all field studies, carried out under environmental conditions highly conducive to disease, indicated that control of wheat blast necessitates the joint integration of several alternatives for efficient disease management.