Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of lac insects (Hemiptera: Kerriidae) inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences
Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of lac insects (Hemiptera: Kerriidae) inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences
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从核和线粒体基因序列推断紫胶昆虫（半翅目：紫胶科）的分子系统发育和生物地理学
DOI：
10.1007/s11033-013-2701-5
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发表时间：
2013-10-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Yang, Zixiang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen, Hang;Chen, Xiaoming;Yang, Zixiang
紫胶虫是经济价值较高的商业规模昆虫。使用延伸因子 1 α、线粒体细胞色素 C 氧化酶亚基 I 和小亚基核糖体 RNA 基因位点生成了 20 个紫胶昆虫种群的组合分子系统发育。 20 个紫胶昆虫种群聚集成四个不同的进化枝，并得到最大简约、最大似然和贝叶斯分析中高引导值的支持。树状图底部的分支A包括乡村棣棠和紫胶棣树的两个种群，是最原始物种的分支。进化枝 B 包括 K。来自印度的紫胶树、紫胶树以及 P、V 和 Z 三个居群。它们聚集在一起具有较高的自举支持，并且比进化枝 A 中的进化晚。三个未识别种群 P、V 和 Z 与 K 表现出密切的关系。 lacca和lacca是同一物种。在 C 分支中，云南棣棠的 3 个居群（Ym、Yj 和 Yl）、来自泰国的 Ys 居群和来自印度的 H 居群聚集为一个群体，其中 H 居群与 Ym 聚集在一起，在三种分析方法中均具有 100% bootstrap。在D分支中，有中国棣棠(Kerria chinensis)、普萨那棣树(Kerria pusana)和K.云南云杉聚集在一起，支撑力强，位于树状图的上部分支，是最近进化的类群。与欧亚种群相比，印度次大陆分支的大多数种群与原始拟球虫科的外群类群关系更密切。系统发育分析表明，印度次大陆是紫胶昆虫迁徙至欧亚大陆的起源中心。根据大陆漂移理论和现有化石记录，紫胶虫是在白垩纪晚期印度次大陆向欧亚大陆漂移时由远古介壳虫进化而来的。白垩纪中期和新生代早期，全球环境的变化影响了紫胶昆虫的分布和进化。随着气温升高，紫胶昆虫可能会转移到亚热带地区。
Lac insects are commercial scale insects with high economic value. The combined molecular phylogeny of 20 lac insect populations was generated using elongation factor 1 alpha, mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene loci. The 20 populations of lac insects clustered into four distinct clades supported by high bootstrap values in maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses. Clade A at the base of the dendrogram comprisesKerria ruralisand two populations ofKerria laccaand is the branch with most primitive species. Clade B includesK. lacca,Kerria sindicaand the three populations P, V and Z from India. They clustered with high bootstrap support and have evolved later than those in Clade A. The three unidentified populations P, V and Z exhibited a close relationship withK. laccaand are the same species. In Clade C, three populations ofKerria yunnanensis(Ym, Yj and Yl), population Ys from Thailand and population H from India clustered as a group, in which population H clustered with Ym with 100 % bootstrap in all three analysis methods. In Clade D,Kerria chinensis,Kerria pusanaand three populations ofK. yunnanensisclustered together with strong support, and are located in the upper branches of the dendrogram and are recently evolved taxa. The majority of populations from the Indian subcontinent clade are more closely related to outgroup taxa from the primitive family Pseudococcidae, as compared to the Eurasian populations. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that the Indian subcontinent is the centre of original of lac insects which have translocated to the Eurasian Continent. Based on the theory of continental drift and existing fossil records, it is suggested that lac insect evolved from ancient scale insects during the late Cretaceous period when the Indian subcontinent drifted towards the Eurasian Continent. Changes in the global environment have impacted on the distribution and evolution of lac insects during the mid-Cretaceous and early Cenozoic. With increasing temperatures lac insects are likely to translocate to subtropical areas.