Oral Post-Oral Actions of Low-Calorie Sweeteners: A Tale of Contradictionsand Controversie
Oral Post-Oral Actions of Low-Calorie Sweeteners: A Tale of Contradictionsand Controversie
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DOI：
10.1002/oby.22253
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发表时间：
2018-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Glendinning, John I.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Glendinning, John I.
目的：许多科学家和外行都对低热量甜味剂（LCS）表示担忧。这些担忧源于对LCS味道的不满以及它们导致代谢紊乱的报道（例如，体重增加，葡萄糖耐受不良）。方法：本文提供了一个重要的审查文献的立场，他们的味道，胃肠道，和代谢的影响，在体内的生物命运，并对摄取和葡萄糖homeostasis.Results和结论：哺乳动物可以很容易区分LCS和糖，因为这两种类型的甜味剂激活不同的口腔和口腔后的感觉通路。LCS在进入口腔后组织的能力方面有所不同，但很少有研究将这一观察纳入其设计中。很难推断小鼠，大鼠和人类之间的结果，因为LCS的味道和口服后作用的种间差异，以及研究人员经常在啮齿动物和人类中使用不同的反应措施。在一些最广泛引用的LCS诱导代谢紊乱研究的实验设计中存在混淆。对这些研究的不加批判的接受引起了相当大的争议。需要更多的工作来更清楚地了解LCS的代谢作用。
Objective: Many scientists and laypeople alike have concerns about low-calorie sweeteners (LCSs). These concerns stem from both a dissatisfaction with the taste of LCSs and reports that they cause metabolic disruptions (e.g., weight gain, glucose intolerance).Methods: This article provides a critical review of the literature on LCSs from the standpoint of their taste, gastrointestinal, and metabolic effects; biological fate in the body; and impact on ingestion and glucose homeostasis.Results and Conclusions: Mammals can readily discriminate between LCSs and sugars because both types of sweetener activate distinct oral and post-oral sensory pathways. LCSs differ in their ability to access post-oral tissues, but few studies have incorporated this observation into their design. It is difficult to extrapolate results between mice, rats, and humans because of interspecies differences in the taste and post-oral actions of LCSs and the fact that investigators often use different response measures in rodents and humans. There is confounding in the experimental design of some of the most widely cited studies of LCS-induced metabolic disruptions. The uncritical acceptance of these studies has generated considerable controversy. More work is needed to obtain a clearer understanding of the metabolic effects of LCSs.