Mouse vaginal development with lateral enlargement at late embryonic stages and caudal elongation after birth
Mouse vaginal development with lateral enlargement at late embryonic stages and caudal elongation after birth
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小鼠阴道发育，胚胎晚期横向增大，出生后尾部伸长
DOI：
10.1111/cga.12502
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Akita Keiichi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Harada Masayo;Akita Keiichi
苗勒管形成输卵管、子宫、宫颈和阴道。在小鼠雌性生殖道发育过程中，双侧缪勒管上皮向尾部生长，直至到达泌尿生殖窦上皮。紧随其后的是进一步的尾部生长，伴随着泌尿生殖窦上皮的减少。最后，成年小鼠的阴道上皮完全来源于苗勒管上皮。在这里，我们通过细胞增殖、细胞凋亡和谱系分析来探索小鼠阴道发育的机制。我们发现，在胚胎晚期，宫颈以下的双侧缪勒管上皮附着部位发生了细胞凋亡，导致双侧管腔的交通。在胚胎16.5天，缪勒管上皮在其交界处被尿生殖窦上皮包围，而在出生后第0天，缪勒管上皮通过侧向扩张包裹着泌尿生殖窦上皮。Eüllerian管扩大的同时伴有弯曲的上皮尖端ERK的局灶性激活和Eüllerian管上皮层腔内侧有丝分裂核的特异性定位。出生后Müllerian管上皮迅速下降，泌尿生殖窦上皮变短，并伴有Müllerian管上皮及其周围间质组织的细胞增殖，以及其交界区附近的泌尿生殖窦上皮强烈的细胞凋亡。P7时，泌尿生殖窦上皮位于阴道底部。总而言之，小鼠的阴道在胚胎后期横向发育，出生后在尾部发育。
Müllerian ducts give rise to the oviducts, uterus, cervix, and vagina. During female reproductive tract development in mice, the bilateral Müllerian duct epithelium grows caudally until reaching the urogenital sinus epithelium. This is followed by further caudal growth with the reduction of the urogenital sinus epithelium. Finally, the vaginal epithelium of adult mice is entirely derived from the Müllerian duct epithelium. Here, we explored the mechanisms underlying mouse vaginal development via cell proliferation, apoptosis, and lineage analyses. We found that at the late embryonic stages, apoptosis occurred at the attachment site of bilateral Müllerian duct epithelia below the cervix, resulting in bilateral lumen traffic. The Müllerian duct epithelium was enclosed by the urogenital sinus epithelium at their boundary region on embryonic day (E) 16.5, whereas the Müllerian duct epithelium encased the urogenital sinus epithelium at postnatal day (P) 0 through lateral enlargement. Lateral Müllerian duct enlargement was accompanied by focal ERK activation within the curved epithelial tips and the specific localization of mitotic nuclei on the luminal side of the Müllerian duct epithelial layer at E17.5. Descent of the Müllerian duct epithelium and shortening of the urogenital sinus epithelium occurred rapidly after birth, accompanied by cell proliferation in the Müllerian duct epithelium and its peripheral mesenchymal tissues as well as intense apoptosis in the urogenital sinus epithelium around their boundary region. Urogenital sinus epithelium was localized at the base of the vagina at P7. In conclusion, the mouse vagina develops laterally at the late embryonic stages and caudally after birth.