Gender Differences in the Early Employment Outcomes of STEM Doctorates
Gender Differences in the Early Employment Outcomes of STEM Doctorates
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STEM 博士早期就业结果的性别差异
DOI：
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
K. Shauman
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文献类型：
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作者：
K. Shauman
在过去的几十年里，女性在STEM博士中的比例有所增加，但女性在STEM劳动力中的比例仍然不足。本文研究了1995年至2013年间获得学位的9组STEM博士学位后的直接就业结果。调查结果既显示了性别平等的进展，也显示了持续存在的不平等。与历史上的性别差异相反，女性在获得终身教职方面出现了小的优势，女性进入博士后职位的可能性越来越小，STEM博士进入商业和工业的可能性越来越小，曾经由男性主导，现在是中性的。在那些没有遵循从博士到教师的职业道路的博士中，女性和男性一样有可能“留在STEM领域”，但获得研究型工作的可能性较小。然而，职业成就方面的性别隔离和收入方面的显著性别差距仍然是STEM劳动力的特征。结果表明，STEM领域的劳动力市场差异有所不同，但在很大程度上不能归因于为人父母和双职工婚姻的性别影响。
The representation of women among STEM doctorates has grown over the past decades but the underrepresentation of women in the STEM labor force persists. This paper examines the immediate post-degree employment outcomes of nine cohorts of STEM doctorates who attained their degrees between 1995 and 2013. The results reveal both progress toward gender equity and persistent inequities. Contrary to historical gender disparities, a small female advantage has emerged in the attainment of tenure-track faculty positions, women are increasingly less likely than men to enter postdoctoral positions, and the flow of STEM doctorates into business and industry, which was once male dominated, is now gender neutral. Among the doctorates who do not follow the doctorate-to-faculty career path, women are as likely as men to “stay in STEM,” but less likely to attain research-oriented jobs. Gender segregation in occupational attainment and significant gender gaps in earnings, however, continue to be defining characteristics of the STEM labor force. The results show that the labor market disparities vary across STEM fields but are largely not attributable to the gendered impact of parenthood and dual-career marriage.