The emerging nexus of active DNA demethylation and mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in post-mitotic neurons.

The emerging nexus of active DNA demethylation and mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in post-mitotic neurons.
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有丝分裂后神经元中活性 DNA 去甲基化与线粒体氧化代谢的新兴联系

DOI:
10.3390/ijms151222604
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发表时间:
2014-12-05
影响因子:
5.6
通讯作者:
Cao L
Cao L
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Meng H;Chen G;Gao HM;Song X;Shi Y;Cao L

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哺乳动物 DNA 甲基化的可变模式与许多生理过程有关,包括正常胚胎发育和疾病发病机制。主动去除 DNA 甲基化可能在整体和特定基因上调节神经元基因表达,最近与神经元可塑性、学习和记忆过程有关。主动 DNA 去甲基化的模型途径涉及依赖于氧化代谢物的 10-11 易位 (TET) 甲基胞嘧啶双加氧酶。此外,活性氧 (ROS) 和氧化剂会产生 DNA 碱基的氧化修饰,这些修饰可以通过碱基切除修复蛋白去除。这些可能将有丝分裂后神经元中活跃的 DNA 去甲基化和线粒体氧化代谢的两个过程联系起来。我们回顾了目前对 DNA 去甲基化过程的生化认识,并讨论了其与氧化代谢的潜在相互作用。然后,我们总结了这两个过程及其在神经可塑性和记忆形成以及神经退行性病变病理生理学中的相互作用的新作用。最后,提出了神经退行性疾病的可能治疗方法,包括通过整体 DNA 去甲基化进行重编程治疗,以及针对有丝分裂后神经元中位点特异性 DNA 去甲基化的线粒体毒效疗法。
The variable patterns of DNA methylation in mammals have been linked to a number of physiological processes, including normal embryonic development and disease pathogenesis. Active removal of DNA methylation, which potentially regulates neuronal gene expression both globally and gene specifically, has been recently implicated in neuronal plasticity, learning and memory processes. Model pathways of active DNA demethylation involve ten-eleven translocation (TET) methylcytosine dioxygenases that are dependent on oxidative metabolites. In addition, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidizing agents generate oxidative modifications of DNA bases that can be removed by base excision repair proteins. These potentially link the two processes of active DNA demethylation and mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in post-mitotic neurons. We review the current biochemical understanding of the DNA demethylation process and discuss its potential interaction with oxidative metabolism. We then summarise the emerging roles of both processes and their interaction in neural plasticity and memory formation and the pathophysiology of neurodegeneration. Finally, possible therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative diseases are proposed, including reprogramming therapy by global DNA demethylation and mitohormesis therapy for locus-specific DNA demethylation in post-mitotic neurons.
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