Bulk polarity of 3,5,7-trinitro-1-azaadamantane mediated by asymmetric NO2(lone pair)...NO2(π-hole) supramolecular bonding.

Bulk polarity of 3,5,7-trinitro-1-azaadamantane mediated by asymmetric NO2(lone pair)...NO2(π-hole) supramolecular bonding.
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不对称NO2(孤对)NO2(Ï孔)超分子键介导的3,5,7-三硝基-1-氮杂金刚烷的整体极性

DOI:
10.1107/s2053229620006762
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
Acta crystallographica. Section C, Structural chemistry
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
H. Krautscheid
H. Krautscheid
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
K. V. Domasevitch;G. A. Senchyk;H. Krautscheid

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具有极对称性的分子晶体是发展新型电光材料的重要范例。尽管获得体极性仍然是一个重大挑战,但在某些情况下,它可能被合理化为与特定的分子形状和对称性以及超分子相互作用的微妙特征相关。在3,5,7-三硝基-1-氮杂金刚烷C9 H12 N4 O 6的晶体结构中,分子排列的极性对称性是互补先决条件的结果,即分子的C3 v对称性适合于极性堆叠的产生和主要超分子键合的固有不对称性,如NO2(孤对)-NO2(π-空穴)相互作用所提供的。这些键将分子排列成三角形网络。尽管表面上看起来很简单,但该结构包含三个独特的分子(Z′ = 1 \over 3 + 1 \over 3 + 1 \over 3),其中两个是三个N → O相互作用的供体和受体,第三个对弱C-H → O氢键非常重要。这些不同的结构作用与赫希菲尔德表面分析的结果一致。一组弱C-H O和C-H N氢键产生三种堆叠。堆叠的取向是相同的,因此每个分子的极性对晶体的净偶极矩有相加作用。这表明非对称NO_2(孤对电子)→ NO_2(π-空穴)相互作用在无中心材料的超分子合成中具有特殊的潜力。
Molecular crystals exhibiting polar symmetry are important paradigms for developing new electrooptical materials. Though accessing bulk polarity still presents a significant challenge, in some cases it may be rationalized as being associated with the specific molecular shapes and symmetries and subtle features of supramolecular interactions. In the crystal structure of 3,5,7-trinitro-1-azaadamantane, C9H12N4O6, the polar symmetry of the molecular arrangement is a result of complementary prerequisites, namely the C3v symmetry of the molecules is suited to the generation of polar stacks and the inherent asymmetry of the principal supramolecular bonding, as is provided by NO2(lone pair)⋯NO2(π-hole) interactions. These bonds arrange the molecules into a trigonal network. In spite of the apparent simplicity, the structure comprises three unique molecules (Z′ = 1 \over 3 + 1 \over 3 + 1 \over 3), two of which are donors and acceptors of three N⋯O interactions and the third being primarily important for weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonding. These distinct structural roles agree with the results of Hirshfeld surface analysis. A set of weak C—H⋯O and C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds yields three kinds of stacks. The orientation of the stacks is identical and therefore the polarity of each molecule contributes additively to the net dipole moment of the crystal. This suggests a special potential of asymmetric NO2(lone pair)⋯NO2(π-hole) interactions for the supramolecular synthesis of acentric materials.
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