Maintaining stereotypes in the face of disconfirmation: constructing grounds for subtyping deviants.
Maintaining stereotypes in the face of disconfirmation: constructing grounds for subtyping deviants.
复制标题
面对否定时维持刻板印象：为细分异常者构建基础。
DOI：
10.1037//0022-3514.68.4.565
复制
发表时间：
1995
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Oleson,KC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kunda,Z;Oleson,KC
遇到违反刻板印象的离经叛道者时，人们试图通过将离经叛道者细分来维持刻板印象。他们使用异常的附加属性来证明其子类型化是合理的。参与者阅读了关于反刻板印象的目标。没有被给予关于目标的额外信息的参与者，因此没有理由对他们进行细分，他们确实从他们那里进行了概括，并改变了他们的刻板印象。然而，被告知目标具有额外的中性属性的参与者似乎将其作为细分的理由；他们的刻板印象保持不变。参与者开始将中性属性视为刻板印象的非典型，并与偏差有关，即，将偏差细分为良好的理由。中性属性阻止了对真正反刻板印象目标的概括，但对过于刻板印象的目标没有影响，这表明它们的效果是因为参与者试图解释那些强烈挑战他们刻板印象的人。
People encountering deviants who violate a stereotype try to maintain the stereotype by subtyping the deviants. They use the deviants' additional attributes to justify subtyping them. Participants read about counterstereotypic targets. Participants who were given no additional information about targets, and so had no grounds for subtyping them, did generalize from them and changed their stereotypes. However, participants who were told that targets had an additional, neutral attribute appeared to use it as grounds for subtyping them; their stereotypes remained unchanged. Participants came to view the neutral attributes as atypical of the stereotype and as associated with deviance, that is, as good reasons for subtyping the deviant. Neutral attributes blocked generalization from truly counterstereotypic targets but not from overly stereotypic ones, suggesting that their effect was due to participants' attempts to explain away individuals who strongly challenge their stereotypes.