Maternal risk factors for fetal alcohol syndrome in the western cape province of South Africa: A population-based study
Maternal risk factors for fetal alcohol syndrome in the western cape province of South Africa: A population-based study
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DOI：
10.2105/ajph.2003.037093
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发表时间：
2005-07-01
影响因子：
12.7
通讯作者：
Viljoen, DL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
May, PA;Gossage, JP;Viljoen, DL
目标.我们在世界上有记录的胎儿酒精综合征（FAS）患病率最高的地区定义了胎儿酒精综合征（FAS）的危险因素。对53例FAS阳性的小学一年级学生的母亲（病例组）和116例FAS阴性的小学一年级学生的母亲（对照组）进行比较。在我们的研究人群中，病例组和对照组母亲在社会经济地位、宗教信仰、教育、妊娠、产次和婚姻状况方面存在差异。FAS儿童的母亲来自酗酒的家庭，在这些家庭中，酗酒几乎是普遍的;对照组的母亲很少喝酒。目前和过去的情况下，母亲的酒精使用的特点是在周末大量饮酒，在87%的母亲在怀孕期间使用没有减少。20%的对照组母亲在怀孕期间饮酒，到第三个三个月时，这一比例下降到12.7%。怀孕期间吸烟的比例在病例母亲中高于对照母亲（75.5%对30.3%），但吸烟的数量在病例母亲中较低。相对年轻女性（28岁）的后代FAS的发病率不能用早期饮酒或饮酒年数（病例母亲平均7.6年）来解释。除了传统的FAS风险因素外，病例母亲的身高、体重、头围和体重指数较小，所有拟人化指标均表明营养不良和第二代胎儿酒精中毒。需要采取预防性干预措施来解决FAS的孕产妇风险因素。
Objectives. We defined risk factors for fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) in a region with the highest documented prevalence of FAS in the world.Methods. We compared mothers of 53 first-grade students with FAS (cases) with 1 16 randomly selected mothers of first-grade students without FAS (controls).Results. Differences between case and control mothers in our study population existed regarding socioeconomic status, religiosity, education, gravidity, parity, and marital status. Mothers of children with FAS came from alcohol-abusing families in which heavy drinking was almost universal; control mothers drank little to no alcohol. Current and past alcohol use by case mothers was characterized by heavy binge drinking on weekends, with no reduction of use during pregnancy in 87% of the mothers. Twenty percent of control mothers drank during pregnancy, a rate that declined to 12.7% by the third trimester. The percentage who smoked during pregnancy was higher for case mothers than for control mothers (75.5% vs 30.3%), but the number of cigarettes smoked was low among case mothers. The incidence of FAS in offspring of relatively young women (28 years) was not explained by early drinking onset or years of drinking (mean, 7.6 years among case mothers). In addition to traditional FAS risk factors, case mothers were smaller in height, weight, head circumference, and body mass index, all anthropomorphic measures that indicate poor nutrition and second-generation fetal alcohol exposure.Conclusions. Preventive interventions are needed to address maternal risk factors for FAS.