Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Metabolomics of Iron Deficiency in Soybean Leaves
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Metabolomics of Iron Deficiency in Soybean Leaves
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DOI：
10.1021/pr500279f
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发表时间：
2014-06-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Gil, Ana M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lima, Marta R. M.;Diaz, Silvia O.;Gil, Ana M.
铁（Fe）缺乏是一个重要的农业问题，导致产量下降和作物质量下降。更好地了解代谢组水平的状况有助于设计改善缺铁问题的策略。采用液体H-1核磁共振（NMR）和高分辨率魔角自旋核磁共振波谱（NMR）对大豆富铁和缺铁叶提取物和全叶进行了分析。总的来说，有30种化合物是可测量和可识别的（包括氨基酸和有机酸、脂肪酸、碳水化合物、醇、多酚等），以及22种额外的自旋系统（尚未分配）。因此，可以同时评估不同化合物家族在不同治疗条件下的代谢物差异。与铁缺乏相关的代谢物变化包括丙氨酸、天冬氨酸/天冬氨酸、苏氨酸、缬氨酸、GABA、醋酸盐、胆碱、乙醇胺、次黄嘌呤、葫芦巴碱和多酚含量较高，柠檬酸盐、苹果酸盐、乙醇、甲醇、绿原酸盐和3-甲基-2-氧戊酸含量较低。结果表明，缺铁对大豆代谢的影响主要表现在三羧酸循环活性增强、氧化应激保护机制激活增强和氨基酸积累增强等方面。在缺铁但无视觉症状的叶片中，代谢物的积累存在差异，可作为缺铁胁迫早期检测的生物标志物。
Iron (Fe) deficiency is an important agricultural concern that leads to lower yields and crop quality. A better understanding Of the condition at the metabolome level could contribute to the design of strategies to ameliorate Fe-deficiency problems. Fe-sufficient and Fe-deficient soybean leaf extracts and whole leaves were analyzed by liquid H-1 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-resolution magic-angle spinning NMR spectroscopy, respectively. Overall, 30 compounds were measurable and identifiable (comprising amino and organic acids, fatty acids, carbohydrates, alcohols, polyphenols, and others), along with 22 additional spin systems (still unassigned). Thus, metabolite differences between treatment conditions could be evaluated for different compound families simultaneously. Statistically relevant metabolite changes upon Fe deficiency included higher levels of alanine, asparagine/aspartate, threonine, valine, GABA, acetate, choline, ethanolamine, hypoxanthine, trigonelline, and polyphenols and lower levels of citrate, malate, ethanol, methanol, chlorogenate, and 3-methyl-2-oxovalerate. The data indicate that the main metabolic impacts of Fe deficiency in soybean include enhanced tricarboxylic acid cycle activity, enhanced activation of oxidative stress protection mechanisms and enhanced amino acid accumulation. Metabolites showing accumulation differences in Fe-starved but visually asymptomatic leaves could serve as biomarkers for early detection of Fe-deficiency stress.