Climate variability and human impact on the environment in South America during the last 2000 years: synthesis and perspectives
Climate variability and human impact on the environment in South America during the last 2000 years: synthesis and perspectives
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DOI：
10.5194/cpd-11-3475-2015
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发表时间：
2015-07
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Flantua;H. Hooghiemstra;M. Vuille;H. Behling;J. Carson;W. Gosling;I. Hoyos;M. Ledru;E. Montoya;F. Mayle;A. Maldonado;V. Rull;M. Tonello;B. Whitney;C. González‐Arango
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作者：
S. Flantua;H. Hooghiemstra;M. Vuille;H. Behling;J. Carson;W. Gosling;I. Hoyos;M. Ledru;E. Montoya;F. Mayle;A. Maldonado;V. Rull;M. Tonello;B. Whitney;C. González‐Arango
要更好地了解当今的气候变异性和变化，就必须依靠过去两千年来的高质量数据集。重建区域气候模式的全球努力正在验证和整合古代用指标。然而，对于南美洲来说，由于其空间和时间覆盖范围未知，植被记录在评估和改进气候模型方面的全部潜力迄今为止尚未得到充分认识。因此，本文作为一个高质量的花粉记录，捕捉在过去两千年的环境变化的指导。我们确定了所需的时间特性的花粉记录PAGES-2万年气候建模，我们讨论了他们的敏感性，整个大陆的气候模式的空间特征。观察到植被对气候变化的反应模式多种多样，低地的变化模式更为相似，而高地的反应强度和方向各不相同。花粉记录显示了局部尺度对气候模式的响应，因此有必要了解植被-气候相互作用在可变环境下可能发生的分歧。此外，花粉是人类影响的一个很好的指标。花粉记录中人类土地利用的证据对于考古学假设检验是有用的，并且对于区分自然和人为驱动的植被变化很重要。我们强调，孢粉学界需要更加熟悉气候变率模式，以正确地归因于观测到的植被动态的潜在原因。LOTRED-SA-2 k倡议为整合各种古气候子学科和古科学提供了理想的框架，从而启动和促进了对百年和千年时间尺度上环境变化的多学科研究。
An improved understanding of present-day climate variability and change relies on high-quality data sets from the past two millennia. Global efforts to reconstruct regional climate modes are in the process of validating and integrating paleo-proxies. For South America, however, the full potential of vegetation records for evaluating and improving climate models has hitherto not been sufficiently acknowledged due to its unknown spatial and temporal coverage. This paper therefore serves as a guide to high-quality pollen records that capture environmental variability during the last two millennia. We identify the pollen records with the required temporal characteristics for PAGES-2 ka climate modelling and we discuss their sensitivity to the spatial signature of climate modes throughout the continent. Diverse patterns of vegetation response to climate change are observed, with more similar patterns of change in the lowlands and varying intensity and direction of responses in the highlands. Pollen records display local scale responses to climate modes, thus it is necessary to understand how vegetation-climate interactions might diverge under variable settings. Additionally, pollen is an excellent indicator of human impact through time. Evidence for human land use in pollen records is useful for archaeological hypothesis testing and important in distinguishing natural from anthropogenically driven vegetation change. We stress the need for the palynological community to be more familiar with climate variability patterns to correctly attribute the potential causes of observed vegetation dynamics. The LOTRED-SA-2 k initiative provides the ideal framework for the integration of the various paleoclimatic sub-disciplines and paleo-science, thereby jumpstarting and fostering multi-disciplinary research into environmental change on centennial and millennial time scales.