Improving the efficiencies of national crop breeding programs through region-based approaches: The case of sorghum and pearl millet in southern Africa
Improving the efficiencies of national crop breeding programs through region-based approaches: The case of sorghum and pearl millet in southern Africa
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通过基于区域的方法提高国家作物育种计划的效率：南部非洲高粱和珍珠粟的案例
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发表时间：
2005
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通讯作者：
H. M. Saadan
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作者：
M. Mgonja;S. Chandra;E. Gwata;A. B. Obilana;E. Monyo;D. Rohrbach;M. Chisi;S. Kudita;H. M. Saadan
在许多国家农业研究系统(NARS)和国际农业研究中心，可用于农业研究的资源急剧减少。因此，决策者将重点放在提高国内和国际农业研究的效率上，这一点变得越来越重要。在种子市场变得全球化的同时，育种和品种发布系统在很大程度上仍然侧重于国家挑战。本文报告了南部非洲发展共同体国家对高粱和珍珠谷子育种和品种放行系统的研究和分析。为提高南部非洲发展共同体系统的效率提供了科学和经济依据。进一步提出了区域化育种战略，提高了作物育种资源的利用效率。利用地理信息系统分析，根据跨越国界的作物生育期长度，将该地区划分为四个建议域或农业生态区(AEZS)。AEZ与多个品种的发布一起证明了这些品种跨越国界的潜在适应性。利用12年来进行的多个环境试验的谷物产量数据进行了连续的回溯模式分析，根据它们的线产量相似性将39个SADC试验点分成6组。这为今后在不损失科学信息的情况下，选择几个具有潜在实用价值和代表性的基准试验点进行有效的品种区划试验提供了客观依据。NARS和国际半干旱热带作物研究所(ICRISAT)的育种者提出了区域化育种的“主导NARS”方法，作为提高效率、成本效益和分担区域责任的战略。促进农民获得新的改良品种的区域化放行程序机制将缓解农民获得种子的问题以及小型种子市场面临的挑战。
Resources available for agricultural research have fallen sharply in many national agricultural research systems (NARS) and international agricultural research centers. Therefore, it is becoming increasingly important that decision makers focus on improving the efficiency of national and international agricultural research. Breeding and variety release systems have remained largely focused on national challenges while seed markets are becoming globalized. This paper reports on studies and analyses of sorghum and pearl millet breeding and variety release systems conducted in Southern Africa Development Community countries. A synthesis is presented to provide a scientific and economic justification for improving the efficiency of the systems in SADC. It further proposes a regionalized breeding strategy that improves the efficiency in utilizing resources for crop breeding. Geographic information system analysis was used to delineate the region into four recommendation domains or agro-ecological zones (AEZs) based on length of growing period of the crop that cut across country borders. The AEZ together with multiple variety releases exemplify potential adaptability of the varieties across country borders. Sequential retrospective pattern analyses using grain yield data from multiple environment trials conducted over 12 years, stratified the 39 SADC test sites into 6 groups according to their similarity in line-yield. This provided an objective basis for selecting a few potentially useful and representative benchmark test sites for efficient regionalized variety testing in the future without loss of scientific information. NARS and International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) breeders have proposed a “Lead NARS” approach of regionalized breeding as a strategy for increasing the efficiency, cost effectiveness and sharing of regional responsibilities. Mechanisms for regionalized release procedures to facilitate farmer access to new improved varieties will alleviate problems of access to seed by farmers as well as the challenges facing small seed markets.