Zur Situation impfpräventabler Krankheiten in Deutschland
Zur Situation impfpräventabler Krankheiten in Deutschland
复制标题
德国 Krankheiten 局势影响
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2001
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
H. Oppermann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Oppermann
世界卫生大会（世卫组织）的欧洲成员国通过了到2000年消除小儿麻痹症（2003年认证）、到2005年消除新生儿破伤风和到2007年消除麻疹（2010年认证）的目标。关于到2010年减少白喉、乙型肝炎、百日咳和风疹综合症是讨论的重点。作为世卫组织成员国，德国也越来越接受这些目标。具体目标疾病的现状在德国东部和西部有所区分。虽然整个德国已达到无脊髓灰质炎地区认证的最后阶段，而且多年来只有白喉和破伤风这一单一疾病，但据报告，每年有5000多例乙型肝炎疾病，估计有至少1.5万例临床表现疾病的未知病例，20-40岁人群的年龄特异性发病率很高。东部联邦州的发病率低于西部联邦州，因为人口中有危险的人群比例较小。总的趋势是下降的。麻疹和百日咳的有用流行病学数据目前仅在重新统一的德国东部联邦州可用。为控制麻疹，启动了一项麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹国家干预规划。该方案的目的是将德国的麻疹病例从目前的每10万居民50例减少到最初的5例。德国东部联邦州的情况仍然好于西部联邦州。然而，1990年以后，发病率一直没有达到低于1/10万居民的较低水平。百日咳是东西方不同疫苗接种策略后果的一个例子。据估计，西部联邦州的发病率为每10万人中有80-100人患病。自1991年以来，注意到东部联邦各州的发病率持续上升，每10万居民中有5人以上。为了永久减少可通过接种疫苗预防的传染病的发病率，必须有可证明的高接种覆盖率和有效的流行病控制。
The turopean members of the World Health Assembly (WHO) adopted the goal of eliminating poliomyelitis by the year 2000 (certification 2003), tetanus of the newborn by 2005 and measles by 2007 (certification 2010). Regarding the reduction by 2010 diphtheria, hepatitis B, pertussis and rubella syndrome are in the foreground of discussions. As WHO-member Germany looks after these aims with growing acceptance, too. The current situation of the specific target illnesses is differentiated in the eastern and western part of Germany. While the final stage of certification for a polio-free region in the whole of Germany has been reached and there have only been single illnesses of diphtheria and tetanus for years, there are reported more than 5,000 illnesses of hepatitis B every year with an estimated number of unknown cases of at least 15,000 clinically manifested illnesses and a high age specific incidence rate for people who are 20-40 years old. The incidence rate in the eastern federal states is lower than in the western federal states owing to a smaller portion of endangered risk groups in the population. The trend on the whole is declining. Useful epidemiological data of measles and pertussis are currently only available in the eastern federal states of reunited Germany. To control measles a national intervention programme measles, mumps, rubella was started. The aim of this programme is to reduce the illnesses of measles in Germany from currently 50 to at first 5 illnesses per 100,000 inhabitants. In the eastern German federal states the situation is still better than in the western federal states. However, a permanent lower incidence rate of less than 1/100,000 inhabitants has not been reached after 1990. Pertussis is an example for the consequences of different vaccination strategies in East and West. The estimated illness rates in the western federal states are at 80-100/100,000 inhabitants. In the eastern federal states a continuous increase of incidence rates of more than 5 per 100,000 inhabitants has been noticed since 1991. For a permanent reduction of incidence rates of infectious diseases which are preventable by vaccination, provable high vaccination coverage and an effective epidemiological control are necessary.