Sex differences in the circadian misalignment effects on energy regulation
Sex differences in the circadian misalignment effects on energy regulation
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1914003116
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发表时间：
2019-11-19
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Scheer, Frank A. J. L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Qian, Jingyi;Morris, Christopher J.;Scheer, Frank A. J. L.
轮班工作会导致昼夜节律失调，是肥胖的危险因素。虽然人类昼夜节律系统和能量代谢的一些特征在男性和女性之间存在差异，但对于性别是否调节昼夜节律失调对能量稳态的影响知之甚少。在这里，我们使用随机交叉设计，在14名年轻健康成人（6名女性）中使用两个8-d实验室方案，表明昼夜节律失调对能量稳态具有性别特异性影响，与行为/环境因素无关。首先，昼夜节律失调影响了24小时饱腹激素瘦素的平均水平，这是性别依赖性的（P < 0.0001），女性减少了7%（P < 0.05），男性增加了11%（P < 0.0001）。与此同时，昼夜节律失调也使女性清醒期饥饿激素ghrelin增加了8%（P < 0.05），但对男性无显著影响。女性报告减少饱腹感，与他们的食欲激素变化一致。然而，男性报告了对能量密集和美味食物的渴望的增加，这与他们体内平衡的激素变化不一致，这表明男性的享乐食欲途径有关。此外，昼夜节律失调对呼吸商有显著的性别依赖性影响（P < 0.01），失调时女性的呼吸商值显著降低（P < 0.01），男性的呼吸商值无显著影响，对能量消耗无性别依赖性影响。还评估了睡眠、体温调节、行为活动、脂质和儿茶酚胺水平的变化。这些研究结果表明，性别调节昼夜节律失调对能量代谢的影响，表明可能的性别特异性机制和男性和女性轮班工人肥胖的对策。
Shift work causes circadian misalignment and is a risk factor for obesity. While some characteristics of the human circadian system and energy metabolism differ between males and females, little is known about whether sex modulates circadian misalignment effects on energy homeostasis. Here we show-using a randomized crossover design with two 8-d laboratory protocols in 14 young healthy adults (6 females)-that circadian misalignment has sex-specific influences on energy homeostasis independent of behavioral/environmental factors. First, circadian misalignment affected 24-h average levels of the satiety hormone leptin sex-dependently (P < 0.0001), with a similar to 7% decrease in females (P < 0.05) and an similar to 11% increase in males (P < 0.0001). Consistently, circadian misalignment also increased the hunger hormone ghrelin by similar to 8% during wake periods in females (P < 0.05) without significant effect in males. Females reported reduced fullness, consistent with their appetite hormone changes. However, males reported a rise in cravings for energy-dense and savory foods not consistent with their homeostatic hormonal changes, suggesting involvement of hedonic appetite pathways in males. Moreover, there were significant sex-dependent effects of circadian misalignment on respiratory quotient (P < 0.01), with significantly reduced values (P < 0.01) in females when misaligned, and again no significant effects in males, without sex-dependent effects on energy expenditure. Changes in sleep, thermoregulation, behavioral activity, lipids, and catecholamine levels were also assessed. These findings demonstrate that sex modulates the effects of circadian misalignment on energy metabolism, indicating possible sex-specific mechanisms and countermeasures for obesity in male and female shift workers.