Competitive dominance of the invasive plant Impatiens glandulifera: using competitive effect and response with a vigorous neighbour
Competitive dominance of the invasive plant Impatiens glandulifera: using competitive effect and response with a vigorous neighbour
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DOI：
10.1007/s10530-013-0509-9
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发表时间：
2014-01-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Tielboerger, Katja
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gruntman, Michal;Pehl, Anne Katrin;Tielboerger, Katja
植物入侵通常归因于入侵者相对于本地群落的竞争优势，但仍然缺乏支持这一预测的一般模式。竞争优势及其在植物入侵中的作用需要使用几乎不实践的实验元素，这一事实尤其增强了这一点。在这里，我们使用综合实验方法来评估高度侵入性的一年生凤仙花的竞争优势。我们使用了两种竞争设置治疗方法，独立检查竞争效应与天然和入侵基因型的反应。作为邻近物种，我们使用了异荨麻（Urtica dioica），它是一种生命力旺盛的多年生植物，在其原生和引进范围内与腺荨麻共生。通过检查竞争能力的两个组成部分，我们能够证明，尽管入侵基因型与其本地同种相比施加的竞争压力较弱，但它们仍然比 U. dioica 更具竞争优势。我们的结果还表明，I. mudulifera 的高竞争能力可归因于对共存本地物种的化感作用。我们建议，适当的实验设置可以独立检查竞争效应和反应，可以对入侵植物的竞争能力提供更真实的评估。此外，使用优势物种作为目标植物，而不是随机物种或竞争能力较差的物种，使我们的结果更加普遍，这意味着 I. mudulifera 可能对不太强大的共生物种产生更大的竞争效应。我们的结论是，我们的方法非常有用，并提倡将其应用于未来的入侵成功测试中。
Plant invasiveness was commonly attributed to the invader's competitive superiority over the native community, but a general pattern supporting this prediction is still lacking. This is particularly enhanced by the fact that competitive dominance and its role in plant invasiveness require the use of scarcely-practiced experimental elements. Here, we used a comprehensive experimental approach to evaluate the competitive superiority of the highly invasive annual Impatiens glandulifera. We used two competition-setting treatments, which independently examine competitive effect versus response of both native and invasive genotypes. As a neighbour species we used Urtica dioica, a vigorous perennial co-occurring with I. glandulifera at both its native and introduced ranges. By examining both components of competitive ability we were able to show that although invasive genotypes exert a weaker competitive pressure compared to their native conspecifics, they are still competitively superior to U. dioica. Our results also suggest that the high competitive ability of I. glandulifera could be attributed it to allelopathic effects on co-occurring native species. We suggest that an appropriate experimental setup, which examines competitive effect and response independently, can provide a more factual evaluation of the competitive ability of invasive plants. Furthermore, the use of a dominant species as a target plant rather than a random species or one with poor competitive ability, renders our results more general, implying that I. glandulifera might exert greater competitive effect on the less robust co-occurring species. We conclude that our approach is highly useful and advocate its application in future tests of invasion success.