Calcium inhibition of ribonuclease H1 two-metal ion catalysis.

Calcium inhibition of ribonuclease H1 two-metal ion catalysis.
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钙核酸酶H1两级离子催化的钙抑制。

DOI:
10.1021/ja411408x
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发表时间:
2014-02-26
影响因子:
15
通讯作者:
Hummer G
Hummer G
中科院分区:
化学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Rosta E;Yang W;Hummer G

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大多数磷酸加工酶需要 Mg2+ 作为辅助因子来催化核苷酸切割和转移反应。尽管 Ca2+ 和 Mg2+ 具有相当的结合亲和力和总体生物丰度,但 Ca2+ 离子会抑制许多酶活性。在这里,我们通过比较 Ca2+- 和 Mg2+ 催化反应,研究磷酸二酯裂解(核酸和核苷酸代谢中的重要反应)的钙抑制机制的分子细节。我们使用混合量子力学/分子力学 (QM/MM) 自由能计算,研究了特定金属离子位点 A 和 B 在 B. halodurans 核糖核酸酶 (RNase) H1 催化裂解 RNA/DNA 混合底物中的功能作用。我们发现,两个活性位点 Mg2+ 离子中的任何一个的 Ca2+ 取代都会显着增加反应势垒的高度,从而消除催化活性。值得注意的是,在沿反应路径的 Mg2+ 优化的活性位点结构中,A 位点处的 Ca2+ 也处于非活性状态,而 Mg2+ 取代则恢复了 Ca2+ 优化结构中的活性。因此,金属离子位点 A 处的 Ca2+ 取代导致的几何变化可能是催化活性损失的次要因素。相比之下,在金属离子位点 B 上,几何形状起着更重要的作用,在 Ca2+ 优化结构中 Mg2+ 取代后,活性仅部分恢复。 Ca2+ 取代也会导致机制发生变化,水亲核试剂的去质子化需要更接近可裂解的磷酸盐,这反过来又增加了屏障。因此,Ca2+ 活化水的效率较低。作为位点 A 中 Mg2+ 和 Ca2+ 离子不同反应性的可能原因,我们确定了离子电荷转移的差异以及攻击磷酸基团的氧亲核试剂的 pKa 的相关降低。
Most phosphate-processing enzymes require Mg2+ as a cofactor to catalyze nucleotide cleavage and transfer reactions. Ca2+ ions inhibit many of these enzymatic activities, despite Ca2+ and Mg2+ having comparable binding affinities and overall biological abundances. Here we study the molecular details of the calcium inhibition mechanism for phosphodiester cleavage, an essential reaction in the metabolism of nucleic acids and nucleotides, by comparing Ca2+- and Mg2+ catalyzed reactions. We study the functional roles of the specific metal ion sites A and B in enabling the catalytic cleavage of an RNA/DNA hybrid substrate by B. halodurans ribonuclease (RNase) H1 using hybrid quantum-mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) free energy calculations. We find that Ca2+ substitution of either of the two active-site Mg2+ ions substantially increases the height of the reaction barrier and thereby abolishes the catalytic activity. Remarkably, Ca2+ at the A site is inactive also in Mg2+-optimized active-site structures along the reaction path, whereas Mg2+ substitution recovers activity in Ca2+-optimized structures. Geometric changes resulting from Ca2+ substitution at metal ion site A may thus be a secondary factor in the loss of catalytic activity. By contrast, at metal ion site B geometry plays a more important role, with only a partial recovery of activity after Mg2+ substitution in Ca2+-optimized structures. Ca2+-substitution also leads to a change in mechanism, with deprotonation of the water nucleophile requiring a closer approach to the scissile phosphate, which in turn increases the barrier. As a result, Ca2+ is less efficient in activating the water. As a likely cause for the different reactivities of Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions in site A, we identify differences in charge transfer to the ions and the associated decrease in the pKa of the oxygen nucleophile attacking the phosphate group.
DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkp569
发表时间: 2009-09
影响因子: 14.9
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发表时间: 2009-02-04
影响因子: 15
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发表时间: 2003-08-06
影响因子: 15
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DOI: 10.1063/1.1472510
发表时间: 2002-05-22
影响因子: 4.4
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DOI: 10.1039/cc9960001813
发表时间: 1996-08-07
影响因子: 4.9
作者:
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通讯作者: Cowan, JA