Acoustic evidence for a broad, hydraulically active damage zone surrounding the Alpine Fault, New Zealand

Acoustic evidence for a broad, hydraulically active damage zone surrounding the Alpine Fault, New Zealand
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新西兰阿尔卑斯断层周围广泛的水力活动损伤区的声学证据

DOI:
10.1016/j.tecto.2020.228410
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
影响因子:
2.9
通讯作者:
Jeppson T
Jeppson T
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Jeppson T

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本文分析了深断层钻探工程(DFDP-2)第二阶段通过阿尔卑斯断层上盘岩石采集的电缆声波测井资料。由于初始工具处理的慢度记录不准确,需要使用慢度-时间相干方法对数据进行更稳健的再处理。数据的再处理产生的慢度测井提供了一个明显更好的估计的压缩和剪切慢度。纵波和横波的平均慢度值分别为68 μs/ft和110 μs/ft,对应于4.5 km/s和2.8 km/s的速度,具有与裂缝、井眼条件和工具设置相关的一些偏移,但没有系统的井下趋势。记录值进行了比较,实验室测量的P-和S-波的速度为样本的阿尔卑斯山片岩和糜棱岩检查尺度依赖的测量。平均测井速度比实验室测量值慢2 - 18%,这是由于存在中尺度裂缝,这些裂缝存在于现场,但没有在实验室尺度上取样。利用有效介质理论,估算出上盘围岩裂隙密度≤0.4。与野外地震研究的比较表明,阿尔卑斯断层的强烈变形的内部破坏区周围有一个宽(500-600米宽)的外部破坏区。这个断裂的外部区域促进了流体通过上盘和阿尔卑斯断层周围的流动。
We present an analysis of the wireline sonic logs acquired through Alpine Fault hanging wall rocks during the second phase of the Deep Fault Drilling Project (DFDP-2). Due to inaccuracy in the initial tool-processed slowness logs, a more robust reprocessing of the data using the slowness–time coherence method was required. The reprocessing of the data yielded slowness logs that provide a significantly better estimate of compressional and shear slowness. The average slowness values of compressional and shear waves are 68 μs/ft and 110 μs/ft, respectively, corresponding to velocities of 4.5 km/s and 2.8 km/s, with some excursions related to fractures, borehole conditions, and tool settings, but no systematic downhole trends. The log values are compared to laboratory measurements of P- and S-wave velocity for samples of Alpine schist and mylonitic rocks to examine the scale dependence of the measurement. The average log velocity is 2 to 18% slower than the laboratory measurements due to the presence of mesoscale fractures that are presentin situbut are not sampled at the laboratory scale. Using effective medium theory, we estimate the crack density in the hanging wall host rock to be ≤0.4. Comparison to field-scale seismic studies indicates that there is a broad (500–600 m wide) outer damage zone surrounding the intensely deformed inner damage zone of the Alpine Fault. This fractured outer zone facilitates fluid flow through the hanging wall and around the Alpine Fault.
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