Filled Carbon Nanotubes as Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Filled Carbon Nanotubes as Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries
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DOI：
10.3390/molecules25051064
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发表时间：
2020-02
期刊：
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
E. Thauer;A. Ottmann;Philip Schneider;L. Möller;L. Deeg;Rouven Zeus;Florian Wilhelmi;L. Schlestein
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Thauer;A. Ottmann;Philip Schneider;L. Möller;L. Deeg;Rouven Zeus;Florian Wilhelmi;L. Schlestein
将成熟的材料缩小到纳米尺度是实现新功能的关键途径，特别是如果不同的功能被融合在混合纳米材料中。混合碳基分层纳米结构结合了纳米效应、增强的导电性和块状材料的完整性，在电化学储能方面尤其有前景。我们表明，内嵌式多壁碳纳米管（CNT）封装了高容量（这里：转换和合金化）电极材料，在锂离子电池（LIB）负极材料中具有很高的应用潜力。填充碳纳米管有两个与电化学储能应用相关的基本特性：(1)碳纳米管的刚性空心腔为其内腔中的纳米粒子提供了上限，既与其他碳纳米管的填充物分离，又防止降解。特别是，碳纳米管外壳可以抵抗电化学循环中封装物的强烈体积变化，这在传统的转换和合金材料中阻碍了在储能设备中的应用。(2)碳包膜不受封装层潜在裂纹的影响，确保与活性材料的电接触，并在电极化合物中形成稳定的导电网络。我们的研究证实，封装具有电化学活性，可以达到完全的理论可逆容量。结果表明，在碳纳米管内部封装纳米结构可以为LIB提供新的高性能纳米复合负极材料。
Downsizing well-established materials to the nanoscale is a key route to novel functionalities, in particular if different functionalities are merged in hybrid nanomaterials. Hybrid carbon-based hierarchical nanostructures are particularly promising for electrochemical energy storage since they combine benefits of nanosize effects, enhanced electrical conductivity and integrity of bulk materials. We show that endohedral multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNT) encapsulating high-capacity (here: conversion and alloying) electrode materials have a high potential for use in anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIB). There are two essential characteristics of filled CNT relevant for application in electrochemical energy storage: (1) rigid hollow cavities of the CNT provide upper limits for nanoparticles in their inner cavities which are both separated from the fillings of other CNT and protected against degradation. In particular, the CNT shells resist strong volume changes of encapsulates in response to electrochemical cycling, which in conventional conversion and alloying materials hinders application in energy storage devices. (2) Carbon mantles ensure electrical contact to the active material as they are unaffected by potential cracks of the encapsulate and form a stable conductive network in the electrode compound. Our studies confirm that encapsulates are electrochemically active and can achieve full theoretical reversible capacity. The results imply that encapsulating nanostructures inside CNT can provide a route to new high-performance nanocomposite anode materials for LIB.