The development of rhythmic attending in auditory sequences: attunement, referent period, focal attending
The development of rhythmic attending in auditory sequences: attunement, referent period, focal attending
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/s0010-0277(00)00106-2
复制
发表时间：
2000-12-15
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Baruch, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Drake, C;Jones, MR;Baruch, C
本文共分为三个部分。第一部分是理论性的，它扩展了动态主治理论（Jones，M。R. Psychological Review 83（1976）323; Jones，M，R. Perception and Psychophysics 41（6）（1987）631; Jones，M. R. Psychomusicology 9（2）（1990）193; Jones，M. R.，& Boltz，M. Psychological Review 96（3）（1989）459），以发展问题有关的克里思和时间层次。动态注意理论认为，当听一个复杂的听觉序列时，听者会自发地将注意力集中在以中等速度发生的事件上（指涉水平），然后他们可能会将注意力转移到更长或更短的时间跨度上，即更低（更快）或更高（更慢）的层次水平上（焦点注意）。论文的第二部分是实验部分。本研究考察了三种动态关注活动的成熟性变化，包括所指时间和水平、协调和焦点关注。任务涉及运动敲击（包括自发的运动克里思和与简单序列和音乐的同步）和克里思辨别。我们比较了4岁、6岁、8岁和10岁的儿童和成人的表演，无论他们是否接受过音乐训练。结果表明，随着年龄的增长和音乐训练的增加，有三个变化：（1）平均自发敲击频率减慢（反映所指时期）和平均同步率（反映所指水平），（2）增强同步敲击和辨别克里思的能力（改进的协调），和（3）朝向更慢的速率和更高的层级水平的更大范围的敲击速率（改进的焦点关注）。最后一节考虑的结果在这里提出的理论。有人建议，增长趋势可以表示在听众的参与较慢的出席振荡器的年龄和经验，伴随着从最初使用的单一振荡器的通道对多个振荡器的耦合。(C)2000由Elsevier Science B. V.出版，保留所有权利。
This paper is divided into three sections. The first section is theoretical; it extends Dynamic Attending Theory (Jones, M. R. Psychological Review 83 (1976) 323; Jones, M, R. Perception and Psychophysics 41(6) (1987) 631; Jones, M. R. Psychomusicology 9(2) (1990) 193; Jones, M. R., & Boltz, M. Psychological Review 96(3) (1989) 459) to developmental questions concerning tempo and time hierarchies. Generally Dynamic Attending Theory proposes that, when listening to a complex auditory sequence, listeners spontaneously focus on events occurring at an intermediate rate (the referent level), and they then may shift attention to events occurring over longer or shorter time spans, that is at lower (faster) or higher (slower) hierarchical levels (focal attending). The second section of the paper is experimental. It examines maturational changes of three dynamic attending activities involving referent period and level, attunement, and focal attending. Tasks involve both motor tapping (including spontaneous motor tempo and synchronization with simple sequences and music) and tempo discrimination. We compare performances by 4-, 6-, 8-, and 10-year-old children and adults, with or without musical training. Results indicate three changes with increased age and musical training: (1) a slowing of the mean spontaneous tapping rate (a reflection of the referent period) and mean synchronization rate (a reflection of the referent level), (2) enhanced ability to synchronize tapping and discriminate tempo (improved attunement), and (3) an enlarged range of tapping rates towards slower rates and higher hierarchical levels (improved focal attending). A final section considers results in light of the theory proposed here. It is suggested that growth trends can be expressed in terms of listeners' engagement of slower attending oscillators with age and experience, accompanied by the passage from the initial use of a single oscillator towards the coupling of multiple oscillators. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.