Water quality in the southern Everglades and Big Cypress Swamp in the vicinity of the Tamiami Trail, 1996-97
Water quality in the southern Everglades and Big Cypress Swamp in the vicinity of the Tamiami Trail, 1996-97
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DOI：
10.3133/wri994062
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发表时间：
1999
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ronald L. Miller;B. Mcpherson;K. Haag
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ronald L. Miller;B. Mcpherson;K. Haag
大沼泽地和大柏树沼泽中向南流动的水的质量的特点是三个天气调查沿着80英里的一段塔迈阿密径和沿着24英里的样带下鲨鱼河斯劳，每月采样的背景参考网站在中央大柏树沼泽，并通过采样的鱼组织的污染物在几个网站附近的小径。由于自然和人类的影响，沿着的水质在空间上是可变的。溶解的固体和常见的离子，如氯化物和硫酸盐的浓度最低的中部和东部大柏树沼泽和较高的西部，由于海水的影响，特别是在旱季，和东部由于运河排水从北方大沼泽地。沿着这条小径的80英里路段，总磷的浓度从西向东沿着下降，在大沼泽地，总磷的浓度通常为每升0.01毫克或更低。短期负荷（基于4天的平均排放量）的总磷和总凯氏氮（氨加有机氮）在四个计量部分的塔迈阿密径是最高的大沼泽地附近的S-12结构，主要是由于在该部分相对较大的排放量。溶解性固体和总磷的浓度在中央大柏树沼泽网站显着增加，在旱季的沃茨积水。附近，上游的农业活动的影响是显而易见的，在西部大柏树沼泽，相对较高浓度的总磷，总汞，溶解有机碳和高附着生物量积累率进行了测量，并在几种农药被检测到的网站。最常检测到的农药沿着小道阿特拉津（14检测），丁噻隆（11检测），异丙甲草胺（5检测），大多数浓度小于0.1微克每升。滴滴涕化合物是在五个地点的鱼中检测到的唯一农药。大口黑鲈体内的滴滴涕总量为每公斤5至6微克，佛罗里达雀鳝体内的滴滴涕总量为每公斤11至17微克。
The quality of water flowing southward in the Everglades and the Big Cypress Swamp was characterized by three synoptic surveys along an 80-mile section of the Tamiami Trail and along a 24-mile transect down the Shark River Slough, by monthly sampling of a background reference site in the central Big Cypress Swamp, and by sampling of fish tissue for contaminants at several sites near the Trail. The quality of water along the Trail is spatially variable due to natural and human influences. Concentrations of dissolved solids and common ions such as chloride and sulfate were lowest in the central and eastern Big Cypress Swamp and were higher to the west due to the effects of seawater, especially during the dry season, and to the east due to canal drainage from the northern Everglades. Concentrations of total phosphorus tended to decrease from west to east along the 80-mile section of the Trail, and were usually about 0.01 milligram per liter or less in the Everglades. Short-term loads (based on average discharge for 4 days) of total phosphorus and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (ammonia plus organic nitrogen) across four gaged sections of the Tamiami Trail were highest in the Everglades near the S-12 structures primarily due to the relatively greater discharges in that section. Concentrations of dissolved solids and total phosphorus at the central Big Cypress Swamp site increased significantly during the dry season as waters ponded. Effects of nearby, upstream agricultural activities were evident at a site in the western Big Cypress Swamp where relatively high concentrations of total phosphorus, total mercury, and dissolved organic carbon and high periphyton biomass accumulation rates were measured and where several pesticides were detected. The most frequently detected pesticides along the Trail were atrazine (14 detections), tebuthiuron (11 detections), and metolachlor (5 detections), and most concentrations were less than 0.1 microgram per liter. DDT compounds were the only pesticides detected in fish from five sites. Total DDT ranged from 5 to 6 micrograms per kilogram in largemouth bass and from 11 to 17 micrograms per kilogram in Florida gar.