The second World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research expert report. Food, nutrition, physical activity, and the prevention of cancer: A global perspective
The second World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research expert report. Food, nutrition, physical activity, and the prevention of cancer: A global perspective
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DOI：
10.1017/s002966510800712x
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发表时间：
2008-08-01
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
Wiseman, Martin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wiseman, Martin
据不同当局估计，在西方高收入社会中，大约三分之一的癌症可归因于与食物、营养和体力活动有关的因素。自信地确定饮食模式、食物、身体成分或个别营养素之间的具体联系并不容易，因为癌症的潜伏期很长，其发病机制复杂，而且很难确定一生中饮食和活动的多方面特征。因此，不仅必须从随机对照试验中得出可靠的结论，而且必须从各种方法方法中得出可靠的结论，这些方法在推断因果关系的经典框架内进行判断。使用一种新开发的方法和协议来标准化文献搜索和分析和展示证据，九个独立的学术中心进行了系统的审查，讨论了食物、营养和体力活动与17种癌症以及体重增加和肥胖之间的因果关系。一项综述还检查了这种干预措施在癌症患者中的效果。由21名国际专家组成的独立专家小组对审查结果进行了评估，得出结论；对各协会之间的因果关系持信任度，并提出了建议。建议是作为公共卫生目标提出的，也是针对个人的。
It has been estimated by various authorities that about one-third of cancers in Western high-income societies are attributable to factors relating to food, nutrition and physical activity. Identifying with confidence specific associations between dietary patterns, foods, body composition or individual nutrients is not simple because of the long latent period for cancer development, its complex pathogenesis and the challenge of characterising the multidimensional aspects of diet and activity over a lifetime. Reliable conclusions must therefore be drawn not only from randomised controlled trials but from a variety of methodological approaches, judged within a classic framework for inferring causality. Using a newly-developed method with a protocol for standardising the literature search and for analysis and display of the evidence, nine independent academic centres have conducted systematic reviews addressing the causal associations between food, nutrition and physical activity and risk of development of seventeen cancers, as well as of weight gain and obesity. A review has also examined the efficacy of such interventions in subjects with cancer. The reviews have been assessed by an independent Panel of twenty-one international experts who drew conclusion.,; with grades of confidence in the causality of associations and made recommendations. Recommendations are given as public health goals as well as for individuals.