Diversification of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase activities via genomic duplication.

Diversification of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase activities via genomic duplication.
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DOI:
10.3389/fphys.2022.983245
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
4
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
医学2区
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复杂的进化事件使得定义遗传密码的全套氨酰-tRNA合成酶(阿尔斯)家族的出现成为可能。aaRS的多样化在生命的各个领域的生物体中继续,产生具有独特特征的aaRS以及具有翻译外创新功能的aaRS样蛋白。最近的生物信息学分析揭示了广泛的发生和系统发育多样性阿尔斯基因重复涉及每一个合成酶家族。然而,这些重复基因中只有一小部分已经被鉴定,剩下的许多生物学功能尚未被发现。在这里,我们讨论了基因组复制是如何与新的aaRS和aaRS样蛋白,提供适应性优势,他们的主机的发生。我们说明了各种各样的活动,已经从原始的阿尔斯催化位点。这一先例强调了需要调查目前尚未探索的阿尔斯基因组重复,因为它们可能是发现令人兴奋的生物过程,新的药物靶点,重要的生物活性分子和合成生物学应用工具的关键。
Intricate evolutionary events enabled the emergence of the full set of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (aaRS) families that define the genetic code. The diversification of aaRSs has continued in organisms from all domains of life, yielding aaRSs with unique characteristics as well as aaRS-like proteins with innovative functions outside translation. Recent bioinformatic analyses have revealed the extensive occurrence and phylogenetic diversity of aaRS gene duplication involving every synthetase family. However, only a fraction of these duplicated genes has been characterized, leaving many with biological functions yet to be discovered. Here we discuss how genomic duplication is associated with the occurrence of novel aaRSs and aaRS-like proteins that provide adaptive advantages to their hosts. We illustrate the variety of activities that have evolved from the primordial aaRS catalytic sites. This precedent underscores the need to investigate currently unexplored aaRS genomic duplications as they may hold a key to the discovery of exciting biological processes, new drug targets, important bioactive molecules, and tools for synthetic biology applications.
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